John 12:15

Authorized King James Version

Fear not, daughter of Sion: behold, thy King cometh, sitting on an ass's colt.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Μὴ
not
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#2
φοβοῦ
Fear
to frighten, i.e., (passively) to be alarmed; by analogy, to be in awe of, i.e., revere
#3
θύγατερ
daughter
a female child, or (by hebraism) descendant (or inhabitant)
#4
Σιών·
of Sion
sion (i.e., tsijon), a hill of jerusalem; figuratively, the church (militant or triumphant)
#5
ἰδού,
behold
used as imperative lo!
#6
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
βασιλεύς
King
a sovereign (abstractly, relatively, or figuratively)
#8
σου
thy
of thee, thy
#9
ἔρχεται
cometh
to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#10
καθήμενος
sitting
and ???? (to sit; akin to the base of g1476); to sit down; figuratively, to remain, reside
#11
ἐπὶ
on
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
#12
πῶλον
colt
a "foal" or "filly", i.e., (specially), a young ass
#13
ὄνου
an ass's
a donkey

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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