John 11:5

Authorized King James Version

Now Jesus loved Martha, and her sister, and Lazarus.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἠγάπα
G25
loved
to love (in a social or moral sense)
#2
δὲ
Now
but, and, etc
#3
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
Ἰησοῦς
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#5
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
Μάρθαν
Martha
martha, a christian woman
#7
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#8
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
ἀδελφὴν
G79
sister
a sister (naturally or ecclesiastically)
#10
αὐτῆς
her
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#11
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#12
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
Λάζαρον
Lazarus
lazarus (i.e., elazar), the name of two israelites

Analysis

This verse develops the divine love theme central to John. The concept of love reflects the essential nature of God revealed through Christ. The emotional and relational language employed here is characteristic of theological biography emphasizing Jesus' divine identity, emphasizing the personal nature of divine-human relationship. The original language emphasizes agape in Greek contexts or hesed in Hebrew, indicating covenantal loyalty, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood love. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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