Job 36:9

Authorized King James Version

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Then he sheweth them their work, and their transgressions that they have exceeded.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּגֵּ֣ד Then he sheweth H5046
וַיַּגֵּ֣ד Then he sheweth
Strong's: H5046
Word #: 1 of 6
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to
לָהֶ֣ם H1992
לָהֶ֣ם
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 2 of 6
they (only used when emphatic)
פָּעֳלָ֑ם them their work H6467
פָּעֳלָ֑ם them their work
Strong's: H6467
Word #: 3 of 6
an act or work (concretely)
וּ֝פִשְׁעֵיהֶ֗ם and their transgressions H6588
וּ֝פִשְׁעֵיהֶ֗ם and their transgressions
Strong's: H6588
Word #: 4 of 6
a revolt (national, moral or religious)
כִּ֣י H3588
כִּ֣י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 5 of 6
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
יִתְגַּבָּֽרוּ׃ that they have exceeded H1396
יִתְגַּבָּֽרוּ׃ that they have exceeded
Strong's: H1396
Word #: 6 of 6
to be strong; by implication, to prevail, act insolently

Analysis & Commentary

Then he sheweth them their work—God uses affliction to reveal פָּעֳלָם (po'olam, "their work/deeds"), exposing hidden patterns of behavior. And their transgressions that they have exceeded employs פֶּשַׁע (pesha, "transgression/rebellion") and הִתְגַּבָּרוּ (hitgabbaru, "they have acted arrogantly/exceeded bounds"). The verb means "to be strong" or "prevail," suggesting sin that has grown powerful, unchecked until affliction exposes it.

Elihu's insight: suffering functions diagnostically, revealing spiritual diseases we couldn't see in prosperity. Like an MRI exposing internal damage, affliction illuminates hidden pride, self-reliance, or idolatry. God allows pain to surface transgression before it metastasizes fatally. This merciful intervention prevents greater judgment—better temporary suffering that brings repentance than comfortable sin leading to damnation. Proverbs 3:11-12 teaches this same principle: God's reproof proves His love, as fathers discipline beloved children.

Historical Context

Ancient Near Eastern wisdom recognized suffering's revelatory function. Egyptian and Mesopotamian texts describe divine discipline, though often portraying gods as capricious. Elihu's theology differs: Yahweh disciplines purposefully to reveal specific transgressions requiring correction. This covenant relationship assumes God cares enough to correct, unlike pagan deities who might torment without redemptive intent. The concept of disciplinary suffering became central to Jewish and Christian theology of sanctification.

Questions for Reflection

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