Job 31:16

Authorized King James Version

If I have withheld the poor from their desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail;

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אִם
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
#2
אֶ֭מְנַע
If I have withheld
to debar (negatively or positively) from benefit or injury
#3
מֵחֵ֣פֶץ
from their desire
pleasure; hence (abstractly) desire; concretely, a valuable thing; hence (by extension) a matter (as something in mind)
#4
דַּלִּ֑ים
the poor
properly, dangling, i.e., (by implication) weak or thin
#5
וְעֵינֵ֖י
or have caused the eyes
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
#6
אַלְמָנָ֣ה
of the widow
a widow; also a desolate place
#7
אֲכַלֶּֽה׃
to fail
to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitive (to complete, prepare, consume)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection