Job 31:1

Authorized King James Version

I made a covenant with mine eyes; why then should I think upon a maid?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
בְּ֭רִית
a covenant
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
#2
כָּרַ֣תִּי
I made
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
#3
לְעֵינָ֑י
with mine eyes
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
#4
וּמָ֥ה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#5
אֶ֝תְבּוֹנֵ֗ן
why then should I think
to separate mentally (or distinguish), i.e., (generally) understand
#6
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#7
בְּתוּלָֽה׃
upon a maid
a virgin (from her privacy); sometimes (by continuation) a bride; also (figuratively) a city or state

Analysis

Within the broader context of Job, this passage highlights covenant through rhetorical questioning that engages the reader. The theological weight of covenant connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about covenant, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by introducing key themes that will be developed throughout Job.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of covenant within the theological tradition of Job Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes covenant in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection