Jeremiah 36:23

Authorized King James Version

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And it came to pass, that when Jehudi had read three or four leaves, he cut it with the penknife, and cast it into the fire that was on the hearth, until all the roll was consumed in the fire that was on the hearth.

Original Language Analysis

וַיְהִ֣י׀ H1961
וַיְהִ֣י׀
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 24
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
כִּקְר֣וֹא had read H7121
כִּקְר֣וֹא had read
Strong's: H7121
Word #: 2 of 24
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
יְהוּדִ֗י And it came to pass that when Jehudi H3065
יְהוּדִ֗י And it came to pass that when Jehudi
Strong's: H3065
Word #: 3 of 24
jehudi, an israelite
שָׁלֹ֣שׁ three H7969
שָׁלֹ֣שׁ three
Strong's: H7969
Word #: 4 of 24
three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
דְּלָתוֹת֮ leaves H1817
דְּלָתוֹת֮ leaves
Strong's: H1817
Word #: 5 of 24
something swinging, i.e., the valve of a door
וְאַרְבָּעָה֒ or four H702
וְאַרְבָּעָה֒ or four
Strong's: H702
Word #: 6 of 24
four
יִֽקְרָעֶ֙הָ֙ he cut H7167
יִֽקְרָעֶ֙הָ֙ he cut
Strong's: H7167
Word #: 7 of 24
to rend, literally or figuratively (revile, paint the eyes, as if enlarging them)
בְּתַ֣עַר it with the penknife H8593
בְּתַ֣עַר it with the penknife
Strong's: H8593
Word #: 8 of 24
a knife or razor (as making bare); also a scabbard (as being bare, i.e., empty)
הַסֹּפֵ֔ר H5608
הַסֹּפֵ֔ר
Strong's: H5608
Word #: 9 of 24
properly, to score with a mark as a tally or record, i.e., (by implication) to inscribe, and also to enumerate; intensively, to recount, i.e., celebra
וְהַשְׁלֵ֕ךְ and cast H7993
וְהַשְׁלֵ֕ךְ and cast
Strong's: H7993
Word #: 10 of 24
to throw out, down or away (literally or figuratively)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 11 of 24
near, with or among; often in general, to
הָאֵ֖שׁ in the fire H784
הָאֵ֖שׁ in the fire
Strong's: H784
Word #: 12 of 24
fire (literally or figuratively)
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 13 of 24
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 14 of 24
near, with or among; often in general, to
הָאָֽח׃ that was on the hearth H254
הָאָֽח׃ that was on the hearth
Strong's: H254
Word #: 15 of 24
a fire-pot or chafing dish
עַד H5704
עַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 16 of 24
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
תֹּם֙ was consumed H8552
תֹּם֙ was consumed
Strong's: H8552
Word #: 17 of 24
to complete, in a good or a bad sense, literal, or figurative, transitive or intransitive
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 18 of 24
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הַמְּגִלָּ֔ה until all the roll H4039
הַמְּגִלָּ֔ה until all the roll
Strong's: H4039
Word #: 19 of 24
a roll
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 20 of 24
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
הָאֵ֖שׁ in the fire H784
הָאֵ֖שׁ in the fire
Strong's: H784
Word #: 21 of 24
fire (literally or figuratively)
אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 22 of 24
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 23 of 24
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
הָאָֽח׃ that was on the hearth H254
הָאָֽח׃ that was on the hearth
Strong's: H254
Word #: 24 of 24
a fire-pot or chafing dish

Analysis & Commentary

Yet Jehoiakim the king of Judah cut it with the penknife, and cast it into the fire that was on the hearth, until all the roll was consumed in the fire that was on the hearth. This verse records one of Scripture's most dramatic acts of defiance against God's word. The Hebrew ta'ar hasofer ("penknife" or "scribe's knife") was typically used for sharpening reed pens and cutting scrolls—tools meant for preserving God's word, now weaponized against it. The deliberate, methodical burning—column by column as it was read—reveals calculated contempt, not impulsive anger.

The striking contrast with Josiah's response to discovering Scripture (2 Kings 22:11-13) could not be sharper. Josiah tore his clothes in repentance; Jehoiakim tears the scroll in rebellion. Josiah trembled at God's word; Jehoiakim treats it with disdain. This illustrates Jesus' parable of the sower (Matthew 13:1-23)—the same word produces vastly different responses depending on the heart's condition.

Theologically, this passage teaches:

  1. Human opposition cannot nullify God's word—God simply commands it rewritten (verse 28)
  2. rejecting God's word brings inevitable judgment (verses 30-31)
  3. the heart's disposition toward Scripture reveals one's true spiritual state;
  4. God's word outlasts all attempts to destroy it.

Church history repeatedly demonstrates this pattern: from Diocletian's edict burning Bibles (303 CE) to modern persecution, God's word endures while its opponents perish.

Historical Context

Jehoiakim's action occurred in the ninth month (verse 9), corresponding to December—hence the fire on the hearth for warmth. The king sat in his winter house (verse 22), the royal palace's seasonal quarters. The casual, comfortable setting makes the act more chilling—this wasn't mob violence but calculated contempt by Judah's highest authority in his own residence.

Archaeological parallel: The Qumran scrolls discovered at the Dead Sea show how carefully Jewish scribes treated Scripture centuries later, demonstrating the horror Jehoiakim's act would evoke in later Jewish consciousness. His burning of God's word epitomized the covenant apostasy that made exile necessary. Remarkably, the scroll's destruction didn't prevent its preservation—we possess Jeremiah's prophecies today because God commanded their rewriting, with additions (verse 32). God's word proves indestructible.

Questions for Reflection

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