Jeremiah Chapter 35 · Verse 5
And I set before the sons of the house of the Rechabites pots full of wine, and cups, and I said unto them, Drink ye wine.
Original Language Analysis
וָאֶתֵּ֞ן
And I set
H5414
וָאֶתֵּ֞ן
And I set
Strong's:
H5414
Word #:
1 of 13
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לִפְנֵ֣י׀
before
H6440
לִפְנֵ֣י׀
before
Strong's:
H6440
Word #:
2 of 13
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
בְּנֵ֣י
the sons
H1121
בְּנֵ֣י
the sons
Strong's:
H1121
Word #:
3 of 13
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
בֵית
of the house
H1004
בֵית
of the house
Strong's:
H1004
Word #:
4 of 13
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
מְלֵאִ֥ים
full
H4392
מְלֵאִ֥ים
full
Strong's:
H4392
Word #:
7 of 13
full (literally or figuratively) or filling (literally); also (concretely) fulness; adverbially, fully
וְכֹס֑וֹת
and cups
H3563
וְכֹס֑וֹת
and cups
Strong's:
H3563
Word #:
9 of 13
a cup (as a container), often figuratively, some unclean bird, probably an owl (perhaps from the cup-like cavity of its eye)
Historical Context
Wine was culturally central in ancient Judah—used in worship (drink offerings), celebrations (weddings, feasts), and daily meals. Refusing wine marked one as radically counter-cultural. Nazirite vows included wine abstinence (Numbers 6:3), but Nazirites took temporary vows; Rechabites maintained permanent abstinence across generations. Their public refusal in the temple, when a prophet offered wine, would have been shocking—demonstrating conviction stronger than social conformity. This occurred during Jehoiakim's reign, when temple worship was corrupt (Jeremiah 7:9-11) and society conformed to pagan norms.
Questions for Reflection
- How should commitments made to God or others be maintained even when circumstances change or authorities suggest compromise?
- In what ways might culturally normal behaviors need to be refused to maintain distinctive covenant identity?
- Why does God often use 'lesser' examples (pagans, outsiders, human traditions kept) to condemn 'greater' covenant people's failures?
Analysis & Commentary
And I set before the sons of the house of the Rechabites pots full of wine, and cups (גְבִיעֵי יַיִן וְכֹסוֹת, gevi'ey yayin ve-kosot)—"pots" and "cups" suggest abundance; this wasn't a single cup but multiple vessels, perhaps ceremonial drinking bowls. Jeremiah created maximum temptation: not offering wine grudgingly but lavishly, publicly, in the temple—where refusing might seem rude or religiously inappropriate (wine was used in offerings and celebrations). The test's severity makes the Rechabites' refusal more remarkable.
And I said unto them, Drink ye wine—Jeremiah's direct command raises interpretive questions. Was the prophet commanding sin? No—drinking wine isn't inherently sinful (Psalm 104:15; John 2:1-11). Rather, Jeremiah was testing whether social pressure, prophetic authority, or sacred location would override their commitment to ancestral commands. Their obedience to Jonadab superseded even a prophet's invitation, demonstrating that prior binding commitments trump new circumstances. This prefigures Paul's instruction: even legitimate freedoms should be surrendered when they violate conscience (Romans 14:23; 1 Corinthians 8:13).
The refusal about to come (v. 6) will preach God's message: if Rechabites obey their dead ancestor's arbitrary command (avoiding wine has no moral weight itself), how much more should Judah obey the living God's morally necessary commands? The argument proceeds from lesser to greater (*a fortiori*): Rechabites' fidelity to human tradition condemns Israel's infidelity to divine law. Jesus uses identical reasoning when citing Nineveh's repentance and the Queen of Sheba's pursuit of wisdom (Matthew 12:41-42)—pagan response to lesser revelation condemns Jewish rejection of greater revelation.