Jeremiah 22:20

Authorized King James Version

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Go up to Lebanon, and cry; and lift up thy voice in Bashan, and cry from the passages: for all thy lovers are destroyed.

Original Language Analysis

עֲלִ֤י Go up H5927
עֲלִ֤י Go up
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 1 of 12
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
הַלְּבָנוֹן֙ to Lebanon H3844
הַלְּבָנוֹן֙ to Lebanon
Strong's: H3844
Word #: 2 of 12
lebanon, a mountain range in palestine
וְצַֽעֲקִי֙ and cry H6817
וְצַֽעֲקִי֙ and cry
Strong's: H6817
Word #: 3 of 12
to shriek; (by implication) to proclaim (an assembly)
וּבַבָּשָׁ֖ן in Bashan H1316
וּבַבָּשָׁ֖ן in Bashan
Strong's: H1316
Word #: 4 of 12
bashan (often with the article), a region east of the jordan
תְּנִ֣י and lift up H5414
תְּנִ֣י and lift up
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 5 of 12
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
קוֹלֵ֑ךְ thy voice H6963
קוֹלֵ֑ךְ thy voice
Strong's: H6963
Word #: 6 of 12
a voice or sound
וְצַֽעֲקִי֙ and cry H6817
וְצַֽעֲקִי֙ and cry
Strong's: H6817
Word #: 7 of 12
to shriek; (by implication) to proclaim (an assembly)
מֵֽעֲבָרִ֔ים from the passages H5676
מֵֽעֲבָרִ֔ים from the passages
Strong's: H5676
Word #: 8 of 12
properly, a region across; but used only adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite side (especially of the jordan; ususally meaning
כִּ֥י H3588
כִּ֥י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 9 of 12
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
נִשְׁבְּר֖וּ are destroyed H7665
נִשְׁבְּר֖וּ are destroyed
Strong's: H7665
Word #: 10 of 12
to burst (literally or figuratively)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 11 of 12
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
מְאַהֲבָֽיִךְ׃ for all thy lovers H157
מְאַהֲבָֽיִךְ׃ for all thy lovers
Strong's: H157
Word #: 12 of 12
to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)

Analysis & Commentary

Go up to Lebanon, and cry—God commands personified Jerusalem to ascend the heights and wail from three mountain ranges: Lebanon (north), Bashan (northeast), and Abarim/Pisgah (east). These geographical markers form a panoramic sweep encompassing Judah's entire horizon. The repeated imperative and cry (צְעָקִי, tse'aqi—feminine singular, addressing daughter Zion) emphasizes desperate lamentation. Why? For all thy lovers are destroyed (נִשְׁבְּרוּ כָּל־מְאַהֲבָיִךְ, nishberu kol-me'ahavayikh—'broken/shattered are all your lovers').

The term מְאַהֲבִים (me'ahavim, 'lovers') sarcastically denotes Judah's political allies—Egypt, Edom, Moab—whom she trusted instead of Yahweh. These covenant-breaking alliances constitute spiritual adultery. When Babylon swept through the region, these 'lovers' proved worthless, just as Hosea and Ezekiel had dramatized through their marriages. The mountains witness Judah's shame: her trust in human power leaves her abandoned and desolate.

Historical Context

During Jehoiakim and Zedekiah's reigns (609-586 BC), Judah vacillated between Babylonian and Egyptian allegiance, seeking security through treaties rather than covenant faithfulness. By 586 BC, all surrounding nations had fallen to Nebuchadnezzar—Egypt defeated, Edom subdued, Moab conquered. Judah's political 'lovers' offered no rescue.

Questions for Reflection

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