James 1:23

Authorized King James Version

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For if any be a hearer of the word, and not a doer, he is like unto a man beholding his natural face in a glass:

Original Language Analysis

ὅτι For G3754
ὅτι For
Strong's: G3754
Word #: 1 of 20
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
εἴ G1487
εἴ
Strong's: G1487
Word #: 2 of 20
if, whether, that, etc
τις G5100
τις
Strong's: G5100
Word #: 3 of 20
some or any person or object
ἀκροατὴς a hearer G202
ἀκροατὴς a hearer
Strong's: G202
Word #: 4 of 20
a hearer (merely)
λόγου of the word G3056
λόγου of the word
Strong's: G3056
Word #: 5 of 20
something said (including the thought); by implication, a topic (subject of discourse), also reasoning (the mental faculty) or motive; by extension, a
ἐστὶν be G2076
ἐστὶν be
Strong's: G2076
Word #: 6 of 20
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 7 of 20
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
οὐ not G3756
οὐ not
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 8 of 20
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
ποιητής a doer G4163
ποιητής a doer
Strong's: G4163
Word #: 9 of 20
a performer; specially, a "poet"
οὗτος he G3778
οὗτος he
Strong's: G3778
Word #: 10 of 20
the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)
ἔοικεν is like G1503
ἔοικεν is like
Strong's: G1503
Word #: 11 of 20
to resemble
ἀνδρὶ unto a man G435
ἀνδρὶ unto a man
Strong's: G435
Word #: 12 of 20
a man (properly as an individual male)
κατανοοῦντι beholding G2657
κατανοοῦντι beholding
Strong's: G2657
Word #: 13 of 20
to observe fully
τὸ G3588
τὸ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 14 of 20
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
πρόσωπον face G4383
πρόσωπον face
Strong's: G4383
Word #: 15 of 20
the front (as being towards view), i.e., the countenance, aspect, appearance, surface; by implication, presence, person
τῆς G3588
τῆς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 16 of 20
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
γενέσεως natural G1078
γενέσεως natural
Strong's: G1078
Word #: 17 of 20
nativity; figuratively, nature
αὐτοῦ G846
αὐτοῦ
Strong's: G846
Word #: 18 of 20
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ἐν in G1722
ἐν in
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 19 of 20
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
ἐσόπτρῳ· a glass G2072
ἐσόπτρῳ· a glass
Strong's: G2072
Word #: 20 of 20
a mirror (for looking into)

Analysis & Commentary

For if any be a hearer of the word, and not a doer, he is like unto a man beholding his natural face in a glass: The hearer-only is likened to a man observing (katanoounti, κατανοοῦντι) his natural face in a mirror. Mirrors in antiquity were polished metal, requiring careful attention. James shows that Scripture reveals identity, yet a mere glance accomplishes nothing.

The metaphor underscores the transformative intent of the Word: its reflection demands response. Reformed believers understand Scripture as means of grace; negligent hearing wastes the mirror that God provides to conform us to Christ.

Historical Context

Jewish wisdom literature also used mirror imagery (Sirach 12:11). James adapts it for Christian congregations accustomed to synagogue readings. Paul's use of mirror imagery in 2 Corinthians 3:18 parallels this, showing apostolic harmony.

In diaspora settings, where believers often met in humble homes without ornate decor, the idea of a traveler glancing at a bronze mirror before leaving would resonate strongly.

Questions for Reflection

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