Isaiah 8:8

Authorized King James Version

And he shall pass through Judah; he shall overflow and go over, he shall reach even to the neck; and the stretching out of his wings shall fill the breadth of thy land, O Immanuel.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְחָלַ֤ף
And he shall pass
properly, to slide by, i.e., (by implication) to hasten away, pass on, spring up, pierce or change
#2
בִּֽיהוּדָה֙
through Judah
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
#3
שָׁטַ֣ף
he shall overflow
to gush; by implication, to inundate, cleanse; by analogy, to gallop, conquer
#4
וְעָבַ֔ר
and go over
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
#5
עַד
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#6
צַוָּ֖אר
even to the neck
the back of the neck (as that on which burdens are bound)
#7
יַגִּ֑יעַ
he shall reach
properly, to touch, i.e., lay the hand upon (for any purpose; euphemistically, to lie with a woman); by implication, to reach (figuratively, to arrive
#8
וְהָיָה֙
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#9
מֻטּ֣וֹת
and the stretching out
expansion
#10
כְּנָפָ֔יו
of his wings
an edge or extremity; specifically (of a bird or army) a wing, (of a garment or bedclothing) a flap, (of the earth) a quarter, (of a building) a pinna
#11
מְלֹ֥א
shall fill
fulness (literally or figuratively)
#12
רֹֽחַב
the breadth
width (literally or figuratively)
#13
אַרְצְךָ֖
of thy land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#14
עִמָּ֥נוּ
H0
#15
אֵֽל׃
O Immanuel
immanuel

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Isaiah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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