Isaiah 33:8

Authorized King James Version

The highways lie waste, the wayfaring man ceaseth: he hath broken the covenant, he hath despised the cities, he regardeth no man.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
נָשַׁ֣מּוּ
lie waste
to stun (or intransitively, grow numb), i.e., devastate or (figuratively) stupefy (both usually in a passive sense)
#2
מְסִלּ֔וֹת
The highways
a thoroughfare (as turnpiked), literally or figuratively; specifically a viaduct, a staircase
#3
שָׁבַ֖ת
ceaseth
to repose, i.e., desist from exertion; used in many implied relations (causative, figurative or specific)
#4
עֹבֵ֣ר
the wayfaring man
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
#5
אֹ֑רַח
a well-trodden road (literally or figuratively); also a caravan
#6
הֵפֵ֤ר
he hath broken
to break up (usually figuratively), i.e., to violate, frustrate
#7
בְּרִית֙
the covenant
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
#8
מָאַ֣ס
he hath despised
to spurn; also (intransitively) to disappear
#9
עָרִ֔ים
the cities
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
#10
לֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#11
חָשַׁ֖ב
he regardeth
properly, to plait or interpenetrate, i.e., (literally) to weave or (generally) to fabricate; figuratively, to plot or contrive (usually in a maliciou
#12
אֱנֽוֹשׁ׃
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

Analysis

This verse develops the covenant theme central to Isaiah. The concept of covenant reflects the development of covenant within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on covenant particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show treaty language and adoption practices from the ancient world, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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