Isaiah 32:10

Authorized King James Version

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Many days and years shall ye be troubled, ye careless women: for the vintage shall fail, the gathering shall not come.

Original Language Analysis

יָמִים֙ Many days H3117
יָמִים֙ Many days
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 1 of 11
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 2 of 11
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
שָׁנָ֔ה and years H8141
שָׁנָ֔ה and years
Strong's: H8141
Word #: 3 of 11
a year (as a revolution of time)
תִּרְגַּ֖זְנָה shall ye be troubled H7264
תִּרְגַּ֖זְנָה shall ye be troubled
Strong's: H7264
Word #: 4 of 11
to quiver (with any violent emotion, especially anger or fear)
בֹּֽטְח֑וֹת ye careless women H982
בֹּֽטְח֑וֹת ye careless women
Strong's: H982
Word #: 5 of 11
properly, to hie for refuge (but not so precipitately as h2620); figuratively, to trust, be confident or sure
כִּ֚י H3588
כִּ֚י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 6 of 11
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
כָּלָ֣ה shall fail H3615
כָּלָ֣ה shall fail
Strong's: H3615
Word #: 7 of 11
to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitive (to complete, prepare, consume)
בָצִ֔יר for the vintage H1210
בָצִ֔יר for the vintage
Strong's: H1210
Word #: 8 of 11
clipped, i.e., the grape crop
אֹ֖סֶף the gathering H625
אֹ֖סֶף the gathering
Strong's: H625
Word #: 9 of 11
a collection (of fruits)
בְּלִ֥י H1097
בְּלִ֥י
Strong's: H1097
Word #: 10 of 11
properly, failure, i.e., nothing or destruction; usually (with preposition) without, not yet, because not, as long as, etc
יָבֽוֹא׃ shall not come H935
יָבֽוֹא׃ shall not come
Strong's: H935
Word #: 11 of 11
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

Analysis & Commentary

Many days and years shall ye be troubled, ye careless women (יָמִים עַל־שָׁנָה תִּרְגַּזְנָה בֹּטְחוֹת, yamim al-shanah tirgaznah botechot)—for days upon years you'll רָגַז (ragaz, tremble, be troubled, agitated). For the vintage shall fail (כִּי כָּלָה בָצִיר, ki khalah batsir)—the בָּצִיר (batsir, grape harvest, vintage) will כָּלָה (khalah, fail, cease, be finished). The gathering shall not come (אֹסֶף בְּלִי־יָבוֹא, osef beli-yavo)—the אֹסֶף (osef, ingathering, harvest) won't come.

Isaiah specifies the judgment: agricultural failure. Ancient Near Eastern life depended on successful harvests—grape vintage for wine, ingathering for grain/fruit. Crop failure meant economic collapse, famine, and vulnerability to enemies. The phrase 'days upon years' (יָמִים עַל־שָׁנָה, yamim al-shanah) indicates prolonged suffering, not brief discomfort. Deuteronomy 28:38-40 lists failed harvests among covenant curses: 'Thou shalt plant vineyards... but shalt neither drink of the wine, nor gather the grapes.' What was promised blessing for obedience becomes curse for rebellion.

Historical Context

Sieges caused agricultural devastation—fields couldn't be worked, orchards were cut down for siege works. When Assyria invaded (701 BC), Judean agriculture was destroyed. Later Babylonian invasions (605, 597, 586 BC) caused sustained agricultural collapse. Lamentations 5:9-10 describes post-siege famine: 'We gat our bread with the peril of our lives... Our skin was black like an oven because of the terrible famine.'

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