Isaiah 32:11

Authorized King James Version

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Tremble, ye women that are at ease; be troubled, ye careless ones: strip you, and make you bare, and gird sackcloth upon your loins.

Original Language Analysis

חִרְדוּ֙ Tremble H2729
חִרְדוּ֙ Tremble
Strong's: H2729
Word #: 1 of 9
to shudder with terror; hence, to fear; also to hasten (with anxiety)
שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹת ye women that are at ease H7600
שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹת ye women that are at ease
Strong's: H7600
Word #: 2 of 9
secure; in a bad sense, haughty
רְגָ֖זָה be troubled H7264
רְגָ֖זָה be troubled
Strong's: H7264
Word #: 3 of 9
to quiver (with any violent emotion, especially anger or fear)
בֹּֽטְח֑וֹת ye careless ones H982
בֹּֽטְח֑וֹת ye careless ones
Strong's: H982
Word #: 4 of 9
properly, to hie for refuge (but not so precipitately as h2620); figuratively, to trust, be confident or sure
פְּשֹׁ֣טָֽה strip H6584
פְּשֹׁ֣טָֽה strip
Strong's: H6584
Word #: 5 of 9
to spread out (i.e., deploy in hostile array); by analogy, to strip (i.e., unclothe, plunder, flay, etc.)
וְעֹ֔רָה you and make you bare H6209
וְעֹ֔רָה you and make you bare
Strong's: H6209
Word #: 6 of 9
to bare; figuratively, to demolish
וַחֲג֖וֹרָה and gird H2290
וַחֲג֖וֹרָה and gird
Strong's: H2290
Word #: 7 of 9
a belt (for the waist)
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 8 of 9
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
חֲלָצָֽיִם׃ sackcloth upon your loins H2504
חֲלָצָֽיִם׃ sackcloth upon your loins
Strong's: H2504
Word #: 9 of 9
the loins (as the seat of vigor)

Analysis & Commentary

Tremble, ye women that are at ease (חִרְדוּ שַׁאֲנַנּוֹת, chirdu sha'ananot)—the command חָרַד (charad, tremble, be terrified) addresses the שַׁאֲנַנּוֹת (sha'ananot, complacent). Be troubled, ye careless ones (רְגָזָה בֹּטְחוֹת, regazah botechot)—רָגַז (ragaz, be agitated, troubled). Strip you, and make you bare, and gird sackcloth upon your loins (פְּשֹׁטָה וְעֹרָה וַחֲגוֹרָה עַל־חֲלָצָיִם, peshotah ve'orah vachagorah al-chalatsayim)—strip off (פָּשַׁט, pashat), become naked (עָרָה, arah), gird (חָגַר, chagar) שַׂק (saq, sackcloth) on חֲלָצַיִם (chalatsayim, loins, hips).

The imperatives escalate: from hearing (v. 9) to emotional response (tremble, be troubled) to physical action (strip, don sackcloth). Sackcloth represented mourning and repentance—coarse goat hair worn against skin as physical discomfort matching spiritual anguish. The stripping signifies removing fine garments (symbols of ease) for mourning clothes. Joel 1:13 commands priests: 'Gird yourselves, and lament, ye priests... lie all night in sackcloth.' Jonah 3:6-8 describes Nineveh's repentance in sackcloth. Isaiah calls for prophylactic mourning—grieve before disaster strikes, repent while grace remains.

Historical Context

Ancient mourning rituals included sackcloth, ashes, fasting, weeping (Genesis 37:34, 2 Samuel 3:31, Esther 4:1-3). Women particularly engaged in professional mourning (Jeremiah 9:17-20). Isaiah commands pre-emptive mourning—don't wait for disaster; repent now. Judah largely ignored this, only mourning after Babylon destroyed everything. Jesus wept over Jerusalem's refusal to recognize 'the time of thy visitation' (Luke 19:41-44).

Questions for Reflection

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