Isaiah 19:18

Authorized King James Version

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In that day shall five cities in the land of Egypt speak the language of Canaan, and swear to the LORD of hosts; one shall be called, The city of destruction.

Original Language Analysis

בַּיּ֣וֹם In that day H3117
בַּיּ֣וֹם In that day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 1 of 17
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
הַה֡וּא H1931
הַה֡וּא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 2 of 17
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
יִהְיוּ֩ H1961
יִהְיוּ֩
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 3 of 17
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
חָמֵ֨שׁ shall five H2568
חָמֵ֨שׁ shall five
Strong's: H2568
Word #: 4 of 17
five
עִ֣יר The city H5892
עִ֣יר The city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 5 of 17
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
בְּאֶ֣רֶץ in the land H776
בְּאֶ֣רֶץ in the land
Strong's: H776
Word #: 6 of 17
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
מִצְרַ֗יִם of Egypt H4714
מִצְרַ֗יִם of Egypt
Strong's: H4714
Word #: 7 of 17
mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt
מְדַבְּרוֹת֙ speak H1696
מְדַבְּרוֹת֙ speak
Strong's: H1696
Word #: 8 of 17
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
שְׂפַ֣ת the language H8193
שְׂפַ֣ת the language
Strong's: H8193
Word #: 9 of 17
the lip (as a natural boundary); by implication, language; by analogy, a margin (of a vessel, water, cloth, etc.)
כְּנַ֔עַן of Canaan H3667
כְּנַ֔עַן of Canaan
Strong's: H3667
Word #: 10 of 17
kenaan, a son a ham; also the country inhabited by him
וְנִשְׁבָּע֖וֹת and swear H7650
וְנִשְׁבָּע֖וֹת and swear
Strong's: H7650
Word #: 11 of 17
to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)
לַיהוָ֣ה to the LORD H3068
לַיהוָ֣ה to the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 12 of 17
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
צְבָא֑וֹת of hosts H6635
צְבָא֑וֹת of hosts
Strong's: H6635
Word #: 13 of 17
a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (speci
עִ֣יר The city H5892
עִ֣יר The city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 14 of 17
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
הַהֶ֔רֶס of destruction H2041
הַהֶ֔רֶס of destruction
Strong's: H2041
Word #: 15 of 17
demolition
יֵאָמֵ֖ר shall be called H559
יֵאָמֵ֖ר shall be called
Strong's: H559
Word #: 16 of 17
to say (used with great latitude)
לְאֶחָֽת׃ one H259
לְאֶחָֽת׃ one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 17 of 17
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first

Analysis & Commentary

'In that day shall five cities in the land of Egypt speak the language of Canaan, and swear to the LORD of hosts; one shall be called, The city of destruction.' Future conversion of Egyptian cities to worship Yahweh. 'Language of Canaan' means Hebrew, but figuratively indicates adopting Israelite faith and covenant relationship. 'Swear to the LORD' indicates covenant commitment. This eschatological vision sees Egyptian cities becoming worshippers of Israel's God. 'The city of destruction' is textually uncertain—some manuscripts read 'city of the sun' (Heliopolis), others 'city of destruction' (perhaps ironic renaming). Either way, the prophecy envisions widespread Egyptian conversion. This demonstrates God's redemptive purposes extend beyond judgment to salvation—even judged nations will eventually worship Him. Reformed theology sees this as prefiguring Gentile inclusion in the covenant, fulfilled in the multi-ethnic Church.

Historical Context

Historical fulfillment included Jewish communities in Egypt (Elephantine, Alexandria), and eventually widespread Egyptian Christian conversion. By the 4th century CE, Egypt was largely Christian—famous for producing church fathers (Athanasius, Cyril, Anthony), monasticism, and theological schools. The 'five cities' likely symbolizes significant presence rather than literal five. Egyptian Orthodox Christianity remained strong until Islamic conquest (7th century), and Coptic Christians continue as minority. The prophecy demonstrated God's heart for all nations—even proud Egypt that enslaved Israel would eventually worship Israel's God. This partial historical fulfillment anticipates complete fulfillment when all nations worship Christ (Revelation 7:9).

Questions for Reflection

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