Genesis 45:3

Authorized King James Version

And Joseph said unto his brethren, I am Joseph; doth my father yet live? And his brethren could not answer him; for they were troubled at his presence.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
יוֹסֵ֔ף
And Joseph
joseph, the name of seven israelites
#3
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#4
אֶחָיו֙
And his brethren
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#5
אֲנִ֣י
i
#6
יוֹסֵ֔ף
And Joseph
joseph, the name of seven israelites
#7
הַע֥וֹד
properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more
#8
אָבִ֖י
H1
doth my father
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
#9
חָ֑י
yet live
alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin
#10
וְלֹֽא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#11
יָכְל֤וּ
could
to be able, literally (can, could) or morally (may, might)
#12
אֶחָיו֙
And his brethren
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#13
לַֽעֲנ֣וֹת
not answer
properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,
#14
אֹת֔וֹ
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#15
כִּ֥י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#16
נִבְהֲל֖וּ
him for they were troubled
to tremble inwardly (or palpitate), i.e., (figuratively) be (causative, make) (suddenly) alarmed or agitated; by implication to hasten anxiously
#17
מִפָּנָֽיו׃
at his presence
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

Analysis

This verse develops the creation and providence theme central to Genesis. The concept of divine revelation reflects God's absolute sovereignty over all existence. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to foundational narrative establishing God's relationship with creation and humanity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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