Genesis 42:7

Authorized King James Version

And Joseph saw his brethren, and he knew them, but made himself strange unto them, and spake roughly unto them; and he said unto them, Whence come ye? And they said, From the land of Canaan to buy food.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּ֥רְא
saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#2
יוֹסֵ֛ף
And Joseph
joseph, the name of seven israelites
#3
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#4
אֶחָ֖יו
his brethren
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#5
וַיִּתְנַכֵּ֨ר
and he knew
properly, to scrutinize, i.e., look intently at; hence (with recognition implied), to acknowledge, be acquainted with, care for, respect, revere, or (
#6
וַיִּתְנַכֵּ֨ר
and he knew
properly, to scrutinize, i.e., look intently at; hence (with recognition implied), to acknowledge, be acquainted with, care for, respect, revere, or (
#7
אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם
near, with or among; often in general, to
#8
וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר
unto them and spake
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
#9
אִתָּ֣ם
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
#10
קָשׁ֗וֹת
roughly
severe (in various applications)
#11
וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ
unto them and he said
to say (used with great latitude)
#12
אֲלֵהֶם֙
near, with or among; often in general, to
#13
מֵאַ֣יִן
unto them Whence
where? (only in connection with prepositional prefix, whence)
#14
בָּאתֶ֔ם
come
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#15
וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ
unto them and he said
to say (used with great latitude)
#16
מֵאֶ֥רֶץ
From the land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#17
כְּנַ֖עַן
of Canaan
kenaan, a son a ham; also the country inhabited by him
#18
לִשְׁבָּר
to buy
to deal in grain
#19
אֹֽכֶל׃
food
food

Analysis

Within the broader context of Genesis, this passage highlights creation and providence through rhetorical questioning that engages the reader. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Genesis.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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