Genesis 36:19

Authorized King James Version

These are the sons of Esau, who is Edom, and these are their dukes.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אֵ֧לֶּה
these or those
#2
בְנֵֽי
These are the sons
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#3
עֵשָׂ֛ו
of Esau
esav, a son of isaac, including his posterity
#4
וְאֵ֥לֶּה
these or those
#5
אַלּֽוּפֵיהֶ֖ם
and these are their dukes
familiar; a friend, also gentle; and so, a chieftain (as notable, like neat cattle)
#6
ה֥וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#7
אֱדֽוֹם׃
who is Edom
edom, the elder twin-brother of jacob; hence the region (idumaea) occupied by him

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of ancient Near Eastern narrative literature addressing origins and identity shapes this text's meaning. The development from creation to divine election established God's sovereign care over history Understanding a worldview where divine beings actively governed natural and historical processes helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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