Genesis 36:13

Authorized King James Version

And these are the sons of Reuel; Nahath, and Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah: these were the sons of Bashemath Esau's wife.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙
these or those
#2
בְּנֵ֥י
And these are the sons
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#3
רְעוּאֵ֔ל
of Reuel
reuel, the name of moses' father-in-law, also of an edomite and an israelite
#4
נַ֥חַת
Nahath
nachath, the name of an edomite and of two israelites
#5
וָזֶ֖רַח
and Zerah
zerach, the name of three israelites, also of an idumaean and an ethiopian prince
#6
שַׁמָּ֣ה
Shammah
shammah, the name of an edomite and four israelites
#7
וּמִזָּ֑ה
and Mizzah
mizzah, an edomite
#8
אֵ֣לֶּ֣ה
these or those
#9
הָי֔וּ
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#10
בְּנֵ֥י
And these are the sons
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#11
בָֽשְׂמַ֖ת
of Bashemath
bosmath, the name of a wife of esau, and of a daughter of solomon
#12
אֵ֥שֶׁת
wife
a woman
#13
עֵשָֽׂו׃
Esau's
esav, a son of isaac, including his posterity

Analysis

This verse develops the creation and providence theme central to Genesis. The concept of divine revelation reflects God's absolute sovereignty over all existence. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to foundational narrative establishing God's relationship with creation and humanity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

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