Genesis 34:13

Authorized King James Version

And the sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father deceitfully, and said, because he had defiled Dinah their sister:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּֽעֲנ֨וּ
answered
properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,
#2
בְנֵֽי
And the sons
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#3
יַעֲקֹ֜ב
of Jacob
jaakob, the israelitish patriarch
#4
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#5
שְׁכֶ֨ם
shekem, the name of a hivite and two israelites
#6
וְאֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#7
חֲמ֥וֹר
and Hamor
chamor, a canaanite
#8
אָבִ֛יו
H1
his father
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
#9
בְּמִרְמָ֖ה
deceitfully
fraud
#10
וַיְדַבֵּ֑רוּ
and said
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
#11
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#12
טִמֵּ֔א
because he had defiled
to be foul, especially in a ceremial or moral sense (contaminated)
#13
אֵ֖ת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#14
דִּינָ֥ה
Dinah
dinah, the daughter of jacob
#15
אֲחֹתָֽם׃
their sister
a sister (used very widely [like h0251], literally and figuratively)

Analysis

This verse develops the creation and providence theme central to Genesis. The concept of divine revelation reflects God's absolute sovereignty over all existence. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to foundational narrative establishing God's relationship with creation and humanity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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