Genesis 21:32

Authorized King James Version

Thus they made a covenant at Beer-sheba: then Abimelech rose up, and Phichol the chief captain of his host, and they returned into the land of the Philistines.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּכְרְת֥וּ
Thus they made
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
#2
בְרִ֖ית
a covenant
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
#3
בִּבְאֵ֣ר
H0
#4
שָׁ֑בַע
at Beersheba
beer-sheba, a place in palestine
#5
וַיָּ֣קָם
rose up
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
#6
אֲבִימֶ֗לֶךְ
H40
then Abimelech
abimelek, the name of two philistine kings and of two israelites
#7
וּפִיכֹל֙
and Phichol
phichol (phicol), a philistine, possibly a title or namesake
#8
שַׂר
the chief captain
a head person (of any rank or class)
#9
צְבָא֔וֹ
of his host
a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (speci
#10
וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ
and they returned
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#11
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#12
אֶ֥רֶץ
into the land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#13
פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃
of the Philistines
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing covenant contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show treaty language and adoption practices from the ancient world, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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