Genesis 18:31

Authorized King James Version

And he said, Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord: Peradventure there shall be twenty found there. And he said, I will not destroy it for twenty's sake.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙
And he said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
הִנֵּֽה
lo!
#3
נָ֤א
'i pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the imperative or future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
#4
הוֹאַ֙לְתִּי֙
Behold now I have taken upon me
properly, to yield, especially assent; hence (pos.) to undertake as an act of volition
#5
לְדַבֵּ֣ר
to speak
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
#6
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#7
אֲדֹנָ֔י
unto the Lord
the lord (used as a proper name of god only)
#8
אוּלַ֛י
if not; hence perhaps
#9
יִמָּֽצְא֥וּן
found
properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present
#10
שָׁ֖ם
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
#11
הָֽעֶשְׂרִֽים׃
Peradventure there shall be twenty
twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth
#12
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙
And he said
to say (used with great latitude)
#13
לֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#14
אַשְׁחִ֔ית
I will not destroy
to decay, i.e., (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)
#15
בַּֽעֲב֖וּר
properly, crossed, i.e., (abstractly) transit; used only adverbially, on account of, in order that
#16
הָֽעֶשְׂרִֽים׃
Peradventure there shall be twenty
twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Study Resources