Genesis 18:13

Authorized King James Version

And the LORD said unto Abraham, Wherefore did Sarah laugh, saying, Shall I of a surety bear a child, which am old?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לֵאמֹ֗ר
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
יְהוָ֖ה
And the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#3
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#4
אַבְרָהָ֑ם
H85
unto Abraham
abraham, the later name of abram
#5
לָ֣מָּה
Wherefore
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#6
זֶּה֩
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
#7
צָֽחֲקָ֨ה
laugh
to laugh outright (in merriment or scorn); by implication, to sport
#8
שָׂרָ֜ה
did Sarah
sarah, abraham's wife
#9
לֵאמֹ֗ר
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#10
הַאַ֥ף
meaning accession (used as an adverb or conjunction); also or yea; adversatively though
#11
אֻמְנָ֛ם
Shall I of a surety
truly
#12
אֵלֵ֖ד
bear
to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
#13
וַֽאֲנִ֥י
a child which
i
#14
זָקַֽנְתִּי׃
am old
to be old

Analysis

This verse develops the creation and providence theme central to Genesis. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects God's absolute sovereignty over all existence. The divine name or title here functions within foundational narrative establishing God's relationship with creation and humanity to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

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