Genesis 16:9

Authorized King James Version

And the angel of the LORD said unto her, Return to thy mistress, and submit thyself under her hands.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
לָהּ֙
H0
#3
מַלְאַ֣ךְ
And the angel
a messenger; specifically, of god, i.e., an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)
#4
יְהוָ֔ה
of the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#5
שׁ֖וּבִי
unto her Return
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#6
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#7
גְּבִרְתֵּ֑ךְ
to thy mistress
mistress
#8
וְהִתְעַנִּ֖י
and submit
to depress literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various applications, as follows)
#9
תַּ֥חַת
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
#10
יָדֶֽיהָ׃
thyself under her hands
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

Analysis

Within the broader context of Genesis, this passage highlights creation and providence through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Genesis.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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