Genesis 16:3

Authorized King James Version

And Sarai Abram's wife took Hagar her maid the Egyptian, after Abram had dwelt ten years in the land of Canaan, and gave her to her husband Abram to be his wife.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַתִּקַּ֞ח
took
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
#2
שָׂרַ֣י
And Sarai
sarai, the wife of abraham
#3
לְאִשָּֽׁה׃
to be his wife
a woman
#4
לְאַבְרָ֥ם
H87
Abram
abram, the original name of abraham
#5
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#6
הָגָ֤ר
Hagar
hagar, the mother of ishmael
#7
הַמִּצְרִית֙
the Egyptian
a mitsrite, or inhabitant of mitsrajim
#8
שִׁפְחָתָ֔הּ
her maid
a female slave (as a member of the household)
#9
מִקֵּץ֙
after
an extremity; adverbially (with prepositional prefix) after
#10
עֶ֣שֶׂר
ten
ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)
#11
שָׁנִ֔ים
years
a year (as a revolution of time)
#12
לְשֶׁ֥בֶת
had dwelt
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
#13
לְאַבְרָ֥ם
H87
Abram
abram, the original name of abraham
#14
בְּאֶ֣רֶץ
in the land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#15
כְּנָ֑עַן
of Canaan
kenaan, a son a ham; also the country inhabited by him
#16
וַתִּתֵּ֥ן
and gave
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#17
אֹתָ֛הּ
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#18
לְאַבְרָ֥ם
H87
Abram
abram, the original name of abraham
#19
אִישָׁ֖הּ
properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified h0120); hence, a man in general (singly or collectively)
#20
ל֥וֹ
H0
#21
לְאִשָּֽׁה׃
to be his wife
a woman

Analysis

This verse develops the creation and providence theme central to Genesis. The concept of divine revelation reflects God's absolute sovereignty over all existence. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to foundational narrative establishing God's relationship with creation and humanity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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