Genesis 1:20

Authorized King James Version

And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
אֱלֹהִ֔ים
And God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#3
יִשְׁרְצ֣וּ
bring forth abundantly
to wriggle, i.e., (by implication) swarm or abound
#4
הַמַּ֔יִם
Let the waters
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
#5
שֶׁ֖רֶץ
the moving creature
a swarm, i.e., active mass of minute animals
#6
נֶ֣פֶשׁ
that hath
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
#7
חַיָּ֑ה
life
alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin
#8
וְעוֹף֙
and fowl
a bird (as covered with feathers, or rather as covering with wings), often collectively
#9
יְעוֹפֵ֣ף
that may fly
to fly; also (by implication of dimness) to faint (from the darkness of swooning)
#10
עַל
above
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#11
הָאָ֔רֶץ
the earth
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#12
עַל
above
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#13
פְּנֵ֖י
in the open
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#14
רְקִ֥יעַ
firmament
properly, an expanse, i.e., the firmament or (apparently) visible arch of the sky
#15
הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃
of heaven
the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r

Analysis

This verse develops the creation and providence theme central to Genesis. The concept of life reflects God's absolute sovereignty over all existence. The divine name or title here functions within foundational narrative establishing God's relationship with creation and humanity to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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