Ezra 5:7
They sent a letter unto him, wherein was written thus; Unto Darius the king, all peace.
Original Language Analysis
שְׁלַ֣חוּ
They sent
H7972
שְׁלַ֣חוּ
They sent
Strong's:
H7972
Word #:
2 of 10
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
עֲל֑וֹהִי
unto
H5922
עֲל֑וֹהִי
unto
Strong's:
H5922
Word #:
3 of 10
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
כְּתִ֣יב
was written
H3790
כְּתִ֣יב
was written
Strong's:
H3790
Word #:
5 of 10
to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe)
Historical Context
The Aramaic formula "all peace" appears in other Persian-period documents, including the Elephantine papyri from Egypt and various administrative texts. Standard diplomatic protocol required such greetings to acknowledge royal authority. The letter format—sender identification, greeting, report body, and concluding request—follows consistent patterns found throughout the Persian Empire's extensive bureaucratic correspondence.
Questions for Reflection
- How should Christians balance showing proper respect to earthly authorities while maintaining ultimate allegiance to God?
- What does the professional, factual nature of this correspondence teach about maintaining integrity in difficult situations?
Analysis & Commentary
The letter's salutation "Unto Darius the king, all peace" employs the Aramaic greeting shelama kolla (complete peace). This formal diplomatic opening expressed loyalty and proper respect for royal authority. The greeting mirrors formulas found in other ancient Near Eastern correspondence and establishes the letter's official nature.
The brief salutation contrasts with the detailed report that follows, demonstrating professional efficiency in imperial communication. Persian administration valued concise, factual reporting. The respectful tone indicates Tatnai was not necessarily hostile to the Jews but dutifully fulfilling his administrative obligations.