Ezekiel 40:5

Authorized King James Version

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And behold a wall on the outside of the house round about, and in the man's hand a measuring reed of six cubits long by the cubit and an hand breadth: so he measured the breadth of the building, one reed; and the height, one reed.

Original Language Analysis

וְהִנֵּ֥ה H2009
וְהִנֵּ֥ה
Strong's: H2009
Word #: 1 of 23
lo!
חוֹמָ֛ה And behold a wall H2346
חוֹמָ֛ה And behold a wall
Strong's: H2346
Word #: 2 of 23
a wall of protection
מִח֥וּץ on the outside H2351
מִח֥וּץ on the outside
Strong's: H2351
Word #: 3 of 23
properly, separate by a wall, i.e., outside, outdoors
לַבַּ֖יִת of the house H1004
לַבַּ֖יִת of the house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 4 of 23
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
סָבִ֑יב round about H5439
סָבִ֑יב round about
Strong's: H5439
Word #: 5 of 23
(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around
סָבִ֑יב round about H5439
סָבִ֑יב round about
Strong's: H5439
Word #: 6 of 23
(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around
וּבְיַ֨ד hand H3027
וּבְיַ֨ד hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 7 of 23
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
הָאִ֜ישׁ and in the man's H376
הָאִ֜ישׁ and in the man's
Strong's: H376
Word #: 8 of 23
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
קָנֶ֥ה reed H7070
קָנֶ֥ה reed
Strong's: H7070
Word #: 9 of 23
a reed (as erect); by resemblance a rod (especially for measuring), shaft, tube, stem, the radius (of the arm), beam (of a steelyard)
הַמִּדָּ֗ה a measuring H4060
הַמִּדָּ֗ה a measuring
Strong's: H4060
Word #: 10 of 23
properly, extension, i.e., height or breadth; specifically, tribute (as measured)
שֵׁשׁ of six H8337
שֵׁשׁ of six
Strong's: H8337
Word #: 11 of 23
six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand); as ordinal, sixth
בָּֽאַמָּה֙ cubits H520
בָּֽאַמָּה֙ cubits
Strong's: H520
Word #: 12 of 23
properly, a mother (i.e., unit of measure, or the fore-arm (below the elbow), i.e., a cubit; also a door-base (as a bond of the entrance)
בָּֽאַמָּה֙ cubits H520
בָּֽאַמָּה֙ cubits
Strong's: H520
Word #: 13 of 23
properly, a mother (i.e., unit of measure, or the fore-arm (below the elbow), i.e., a cubit; also a door-base (as a bond of the entrance)
וָטֹ֔פַח and an hand breadth H2948
וָטֹ֔פַח and an hand breadth
Strong's: H2948
Word #: 14 of 23
a spread of the hand, i.e., a palm-breadth (not 'span' of the fingers); architecturally, a corbel (as a supporting palm)
וַיָּ֜מָד so he measured H4058
וַיָּ֜מָד so he measured
Strong's: H4058
Word #: 15 of 23
properly, to stretch; by implication, to measure (as if by stretching a line); figuratively, to be extended
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 16 of 23
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
רֹ֤חַב the breadth H7341
רֹ֤חַב the breadth
Strong's: H7341
Word #: 17 of 23
width (literally or figuratively)
הַבִּנְיָן֙ of the building H1146
הַבִּנְיָן֙ of the building
Strong's: H1146
Word #: 18 of 23
an edifice
קָנֶ֥ה reed H7070
קָנֶ֥ה reed
Strong's: H7070
Word #: 19 of 23
a reed (as erect); by resemblance a rod (especially for measuring), shaft, tube, stem, the radius (of the arm), beam (of a steelyard)
אֶחָֽד׃ one H259
אֶחָֽד׃ one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 20 of 23
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
וְקוֹמָ֖ה and the height H6967
וְקוֹמָ֖ה and the height
Strong's: H6967
Word #: 21 of 23
height
קָנֶ֥ה reed H7070
קָנֶ֥ה reed
Strong's: H7070
Word #: 22 of 23
a reed (as erect); by resemblance a rod (especially for measuring), shaft, tube, stem, the radius (of the arm), beam (of a steelyard)
אֶחָֽד׃ one H259
אֶחָֽד׃ one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 23 of 23
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first

Analysis & Commentary

The measuring begins with a wall surrounding the temple complex—physical separation between sacred and profane. The Hebrew גָּדֵר (gader, 'wall') emphasizes boundary and protection. The measuring reed's specification—'six cubits long by the cubit and an hand breadth' (approximately 10.5 feet using the longer 'royal cubit')—establishes the standard for all subsequent measurements. This precision reflects God's character: exact, unchanging, holy. The wall's dimensions—'one reed' in breadth and height (forming a perfect square in cross-section)—symbolize stability and perfection. Reformed theology sees this wall as representing God's preservation of His church—separated from the world, protected by divine decree. As Paul writes, God has 'set a wall of partition' (Ephesians 2:14) that Christ removes between Jew and Gentile, but maintains between His people and the world (2 Corinthians 6:14-18).

Historical Context

Ancient temples featured enclosure walls defining sacred precincts. Archaeological excavations of Near Eastern temples reveal outer walls separating holy ground from common areas. Solomon's temple had similar distinctions—outer court, inner court, Holy Place, and Most Holy Place (1 Kings 6-7). The wall's thickness and height prevented unauthorized access, reflecting Levitical regulations about approaching God's presence (Numbers 1:51, 18:7). After the exile, Nehemiah rebuilt Jerusalem's walls before proper worship resumed (Nehemiah 6-7), demonstrating that security and sanctity go together. The 'cubit and a hand breadth' (approximately 21 inches) was the royal or long cubit used in monumental architecture, distinguishing this from common measurement. This suggests the temple's royal character—God is the ultimate King dwelling among His people.

Questions for Reflection

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