Exodus 39:18

Authorized King James Version

And the two ends of the two wreathen chains they fastened in the two ouches, and put them on the shoulderpieces of the ephod, before it.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְאֵ֨ת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#2
שְׁתֵּ֣י
And the two
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
#3
קְצוֹת֙
ends
a termination
#4
שְׁתֵּ֣י
And the two
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
#5
הָֽעֲבֹתֹ֔ת
chains
something intwined, i.e., a string, wreath or foliage
#6
וַֽיִּתְּנֻ֛ם
and put
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#7
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#8
שְׁתֵּ֣י
And the two
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
#9
הַֽמִּשְׁבְּצֹ֑ת
ouches
a brocade; by analogy, a (reticulated) setting of a gem
#10
וַֽיִּתְּנֻ֛ם
and put
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#11
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#12
כִּתְפֹ֥ת
them on the shoulderpieces
the shoulder (proper, i.e., upper end of the arm; as being the spot where the garments hang); figuratively, side-piece or lateral projection of anythi
#13
הָֽאֵפֹ֖ד
of the ephod
a girdle; specifically the ephod or highpriest's shoulder-piece; also generally, an image
#14
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#15
מ֥וּל
it
properly, abrupt, i.e., a precipice; by implication, the front; used only adverbially (with prepositional prefix) opposite
#16
פָּנָֽיו׃
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Exodus. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the period of Egyptian bondage and wilderness wandering (c. 1440-1400 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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