Exodus 38:23

Authorized King James Version

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And with him was Aholiab, son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, an engraver, and a cunning workman, and an embroiderer in blue, and in purple, and in scarlet, and fine linen.

Original Language Analysis

וְאִתּ֗וֹ H854
וְאִתּ֗וֹ
Strong's: H854
Word #: 1 of 14
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
אָֽהֳלִיאָ֞ב And with him was Aholiab H171
אָֽהֳלִיאָ֞ב And with him was Aholiab
Strong's: H171
Word #: 2 of 14
oholiab, an israelite
בֶּן son H1121
בֶּן son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 3 of 14
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
אֲחִֽיסָמָ֛ךְ of Ahisamach H294
אֲחִֽיסָמָ֛ךְ of Ahisamach
Strong's: H294
Word #: 4 of 14
achisamak, an israelite
לְמַטֵּה of the tribe H4294
לְמַטֵּה of the tribe
Strong's: H4294
Word #: 5 of 14
a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance),
דָ֖ן of Dan H1835
דָ֖ן of Dan
Strong's: H1835
Word #: 6 of 14
dan, one of the sons of jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory; likewise a place in palestine colonized by them
חָרָ֣שׁ an engraver H2796
חָרָ֣שׁ an engraver
Strong's: H2796
Word #: 7 of 14
a fabricator or any material
וְחֹשֵׁ֑ב and a cunning workman H2803
וְחֹשֵׁ֑ב and a cunning workman
Strong's: H2803
Word #: 8 of 14
properly, to plait or interpenetrate, i.e., (literally) to weave or (generally) to fabricate; figuratively, to plot or contrive (usually in a maliciou
וְרֹקֵ֗ם and an embroiderer H7551
וְרֹקֵ֗ם and an embroiderer
Strong's: H7551
Word #: 9 of 14
to variegate color, i.e., embroider; by implication, to fabricate
בַּתְּכֵ֙לֶת֙ in blue H8504
בַּתְּכֵ֙לֶת֙ in blue
Strong's: H8504
Word #: 10 of 14
the cerulean mussel, i.e., the color (violet) obtained therefrom or stuff dyed therewith
וּבָֽאַרְגָּמָ֔ן and in purple H713
וּבָֽאַרְגָּמָ֔ן and in purple
Strong's: H713
Word #: 11 of 14
purple (the color or the dyed stuff)
וּבְתוֹלַ֥עַת H8438
וּבְתוֹלַ֥עַת
Strong's: H8438
Word #: 12 of 14
a maggot (as voracious); specifically (often with ellipsis of h8144) the crimson-grub, but used only (in this connection) of the color from it, and cl
הַשָּׁנִ֖י and in scarlet H8144
הַשָּׁנִ֖י and in scarlet
Strong's: H8144
Word #: 13 of 14
crimson, properly, the insect or its color, also stuff dyed with it
וּבַשֵּֽׁשׁ׃ and fine linen H8336
וּבַשֵּֽׁשׁ׃ and fine linen
Strong's: H8336
Word #: 14 of 14
bleached stuff, i.e., white linen or (by analogy) marble

Analysis & Commentary

Aholiab's partnership 'with him' demonstrates collaborative ministry—'an engraver, and a cunning workman, and an embroiderer' (חָרָשׁ וְחֹשֵׁב וְרֹקֵם, charash ve-choshev ve-rokem) in the colored threads. The three specific skills (engraving, designing, embroidering) represent diverse expertise united in common purpose, teaching that God's work requires varied gifts working in harmony. Aholiab (from Dan, northern tribe) partnering with Bezaleel (from Judah, southern tribe) demonstrates that building God's house transcends tribal and regional boundaries—all contribute according to Spirit-given abilities regardless of background.

Historical Context

Aholiab's specific skills (particularly embroidery in colored threads) complemented Bezaleel's strengths (metalwork and construction). Their documented partnership demonstrates intentional collaboration in ancient specialized craftsmanship, setting pattern for cooperative ministry. Dan's contribution through Aholiab ensured northern tribes' participation in tabernacle construction.

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