Exodus 37:9

Authorized King James Version

And the cherubims spread out their wings on high, and covered with their wings over the mercy seat, with their faces one to another; even to the mercy seatward were the faces of the cherubims.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּֽהְי֣וּ
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
הַכְּרֻבִֽים׃
And the cherubims
a cherub or imaginary figure
#3
פֹּֽרְשֵׂ֨י
spread out
to break apart, disperse, etc
#4
בְּכַנְפֵיהֶם֙
their wings
an edge or extremity; specifically (of a bird or army) a wing, (of a garment or bedclothing) a flap, (of the earth) a quarter, (of a building) a pinna
#5
לְמַ֗עְלָה
on high
properly,the upper part, used only adverbially with prefix upward, above, overhead, from the top, etc
#6
סֹֽכְכִ֤ים
and covered
properly, to entwine as a screen; by implication, to fence in, cover over, (figuratively) protect
#7
בְּכַנְפֵיהֶם֙
their wings
an edge or extremity; specifically (of a bird or army) a wing, (of a garment or bedclothing) a flap, (of the earth) a quarter, (of a building) a pinna
#8
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#9
הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת
even to the mercy seatward
a lid (used only of the cover of the sacred ark)
#10
פְּנֵ֥י
were the faces
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#11
אִ֣ישׁ
one
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#12
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#13
אָחִ֑יו
to another
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#14
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#15
הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת
even to the mercy seatward
a lid (used only of the cover of the sacred ark)
#16
הָי֖וּ
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#17
פְּנֵ֥י
were the faces
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#18
הַכְּרֻבִֽים׃
And the cherubims
a cherub or imaginary figure

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Exodus. The concept of mercy reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The emotional and relational language employed here is characteristic of biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, emphasizing the personal nature of divine-human relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the period of Egyptian bondage and wilderness wandering (c. 1440-1400 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood mercy. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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