Exodus 32:21

Authorized King James Version

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And Moses said unto Aaron, What did this people unto thee, that thou hast brought so great a sin upon them?

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר said H559
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 14
to say (used with great latitude)
מֹשֶׁה֙ And Moses H4872
מֹשֶׁה֙ And Moses
Strong's: H4872
Word #: 2 of 14
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
אֶֽל H413
אֶֽל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 14
near, with or among; often in general, to
אַהֲרֹ֔ן unto Aaron H175
אַהֲרֹ֔ן unto Aaron
Strong's: H175
Word #: 4 of 14
aharon, the brother of moses
מֶֽה H4100
מֶֽה
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 5 of 14
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
עָשָׂ֥ה What did H6213
עָשָׂ֥ה What did
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 6 of 14
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
לְךָ֖ H0
לְךָ֖
Strong's: H0
Word #: 7 of 14
הָעָ֣ם this people H5971
הָעָ֣ם this people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 8 of 14
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
הַזֶּ֑ה H2088
הַזֶּ֑ה
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 9 of 14
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 10 of 14
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
הֵבֵ֥אתָ unto thee that thou hast brought H935
הֵבֵ֥אתָ unto thee that thou hast brought
Strong's: H935
Word #: 11 of 14
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
עָלָ֖יו H5921
עָלָ֖יו
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 12 of 14
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
חֲטָאָ֥ה a sin H2401
חֲטָאָ֥ה a sin
Strong's: H2401
Word #: 13 of 14
an offence, or a sacrifice for it
גְדֹלָֽה׃ so great H1419
גְדֹלָֽה׃ so great
Strong's: H1419
Word #: 14 of 14
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent

Analysis & Commentary

Moses confronts Aaron with מֶה־עָשָׂה לְךָ הָעָם הַזֶּה (meh-asah lecha ha'am hazeh, What did this people do to you?) suggesting the people pressured Aaron—but leaders are accountable regardless of pressure. The charge כִּי־הֵבֵאתָ עָלָיו חֲטָאָה גְדֹלָה (ki-heveta alav chata'ah gedolah, that you have brought upon it a great sin) uses the adjective גְדֹלָה (gedolah, great) to emphasize the sin's enormity. Moses holds Aaron directly responsible despite popular demand, teaching that spiritual leaders cannot excuse compromise by blaming followers.

Historical Context

Aaron's position as high priest-designate made his failure more egregious. His sons Nadab and Abihu would later offer strange fire (Lev 10), suggesting Aaron's family struggled with taking God's holiness seriously.

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