Exodus 32:15

Authorized King James Version

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And Moses turned, and went down from the mount, and the two tables of the testimony were in his hand: the tables were written on both their sides; on the one side and on the other were they written.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּ֜פֶן turned H6437
וַיִּ֜פֶן turned
Strong's: H6437
Word #: 1 of 17
to turn; by implication, to face, i.e., appear, look, etc
וַיֵּ֤רֶד and went down H3381
וַיֵּ֤רֶד and went down
Strong's: H3381
Word #: 2 of 17
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau
מֹשֶׁה֙ And Moses H4872
מֹשֶׁה֙ And Moses
Strong's: H4872
Word #: 3 of 17
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
מִן H4480
מִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 4 of 17
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הָהָ֔ר from the mount H2022
הָהָ֔ר from the mount
Strong's: H2022
Word #: 5 of 17
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
מִשְּׁנֵ֣י and the two H8147
מִשְּׁנֵ֣י and the two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 6 of 17
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
לֻחֹ֗ת tables H3871
לֻחֹ֗ת tables
Strong's: H3871
Word #: 7 of 17
probably meaning to glisten; a tablet (as polished), of stone, wood or metal
הָֽעֵדֻ֖ת of the testimony H5715
הָֽעֵדֻ֖ת of the testimony
Strong's: H5715
Word #: 8 of 17
testimony
בְּיָד֑וֹ were in his hand H3027
בְּיָד֑וֹ were in his hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 9 of 17
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
לֻחֹ֗ת tables H3871
לֻחֹ֗ת tables
Strong's: H3871
Word #: 10 of 17
probably meaning to glisten; a tablet (as polished), of stone, wood or metal
כְּתֻבִֽים׃ on the one side and on the other were they written H3789
כְּתֻבִֽים׃ on the one side and on the other were they written
Strong's: H3789
Word #: 11 of 17
to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe)
מִשְּׁנֵ֣י and the two H8147
מִשְּׁנֵ֣י and the two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 12 of 17
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
עֶבְרֵיהֶ֔ם their sides H5676
עֶבְרֵיהֶ֔ם their sides
Strong's: H5676
Word #: 13 of 17
properly, a region across; but used only adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite side (especially of the jordan; ususally meaning
מִזֶּ֥ה H2088
מִזֶּ֥ה
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 14 of 17
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
וּמִזֶּ֖ה H2088
וּמִזֶּ֖ה
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 15 of 17
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
הֵ֥ם H1992
הֵ֥ם
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 16 of 17
they (only used when emphatic)
כְּתֻבִֽים׃ on the one side and on the other were they written H3789
כְּתֻבִֽים׃ on the one side and on the other were they written
Strong's: H3789
Word #: 17 of 17
to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe)

Analysis & Commentary

Moses descended (וַיִּפֶן וַיֵּרֶד, vayyifen vayyered, turned and went down) carrying שְׁנֵי לֻחֹת הָעֵדֻת (shnei luchot ha'edut, the two tablets of the testimony). The עֵדוּת (edut, testimony) emphasizes these were witness to God's covenant. Written מִשְּׁנֵי עֶבְרֵיהֶם (mishney evreihem, on both sides), they were completely filled with God's law. The detail מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה (mizeh umizeh, on one side and on the other) stresses the tablets' comprehensive divine revelation, wholly God's work with no human contribution.

Historical Context

Moses spent 40 days on Sinai receiving the law (Ex 24:18). The tablets were written by God's finger (v16), making them utterly unique in biblical history. Their destruction (v19) would necessitate a second set (Ex 34:1).

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