Exodus 17:3

Authorized King James Version

And the people thirsted there for water; and the people murmured against Moses, and said, Wherefore is this that thou hast brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּצְמָ֨א
thirsted
to thirst (literally or figuratively)
#2
שָׁ֤ם
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
#3
הָעָ֖ם
And the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#4
לַמַּ֔יִם
there for water
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
#5
וַיָּ֥לֶן
murmured
to stop (usually over night); by implication, to stay permanently; hence (in a bad sense) to be obstinate (especially in words, to complain)
#6
הָעָ֖ם
And the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#7
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#8
מֹשֶׁ֑ה
against Moses
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
#9
וַיֹּ֗אמֶר
and said
to say (used with great latitude)
#10
לָ֤מָּה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#11
זֶּה֙
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
#12
הֶֽעֱלִיתָ֣נוּ
Wherefore is this that thou hast brought
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
#13
מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם
us up out of Egypt
mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt
#14
לְהָמִ֥ית
to kill
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
#15
אֹתִ֛י
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#16
וְאֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#17
בָּנַ֥י
us and our children
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#18
וְאֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#19
מִקְנַ֖י
and our cattle
something bought, i.e., property, but only live stock; abstractly, acquisition
#20
בַּצָּמָֽא׃
with thirst
thirst (literally or figuratively)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing covenant community contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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