Exodus 17:10

Authorized King James Version

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So Joshua did as Moses had said to him, and fought with Amalek: and Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up to the top of the hill.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּ֣עַשׂ did H6213
וַיַּ֣עַשׂ did
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 1 of 14
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ So Joshua H3091
יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ So Joshua
Strong's: H3091
Word #: 2 of 14
jehoshua (i.e., joshua), the jewish leader
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר H834
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 3 of 14
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
אָֽמַר had said H559
אָֽמַר had said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 4 of 14
to say (used with great latitude)
לוֹ֙ H0
לוֹ֙
Strong's: H0
Word #: 5 of 14
וּמֹשֶׁה֙ and Moses H4872
וּמֹשֶׁה֙ and Moses
Strong's: H4872
Word #: 6 of 14
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם to him and fought H3898
לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם to him and fought
Strong's: H3898
Word #: 7 of 14
to feed on; figuratively, to consume
בַּֽעֲמָלֵ֑ק with Amalek H6002
בַּֽעֲמָלֵ֑ק with Amalek
Strong's: H6002
Word #: 8 of 14
amalek, a descendant of esau; also his posterity and their country
וּמֹשֶׁה֙ and Moses H4872
וּמֹשֶׁה֙ and Moses
Strong's: H4872
Word #: 9 of 14
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
אַֽהֲרֹ֣ן Aaron H175
אַֽהֲרֹ֣ן Aaron
Strong's: H175
Word #: 10 of 14
aharon, the brother of moses
וְח֔וּר and Hur H2354
וְח֔וּר and Hur
Strong's: H2354
Word #: 11 of 14
chur, the name of four israelites and one midianite
עָל֖וּ went up H5927
עָל֖וּ went up
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 12 of 14
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
רֹ֥אשׁ to the top H7218
רֹ֥אשׁ to the top
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 13 of 14
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
הַגִּבְעָֽה׃ of the hill H1389
הַגִּבְעָֽה׃ of the hill
Strong's: H1389
Word #: 14 of 14
a hillock

Analysis & Commentary

So Joshua did as Moses had said to him, and fought with Amalek: and Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up to the top of the hill—Joshua's obedience without question models military discipline and faith. The separation of roles—Joshua in valley fighting, Moses on mountain interceding—establishes the warfare pattern: believers fight earthly battles while Christ intercedes in heavenly places (Heb 7:25). The presence of Aaron (priest) and Hur (otherwise unknown, possibly Miriam's husband) provides support for Moses' intercession. The 'top of the hill' (רֹאשׁ הַגִּבְעָה, rosh hagiv'ah) gives oversight of battle while positioning Moses' lifted hands toward heaven. This prefigures Christ's ascension: He withdrew from earthly conflict to intercede on high.

Historical Context

This battle pattern—military engagement below, intercession above—became model for Israel's future warfare. Victory depended on both earthly action and divine intervention through prayer.

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