Esther 3:8

Authorized King James Version

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And Haman said unto king Ahasuerus, There is a certain people scattered abroad and dispersed among the people in all the provinces of thy kingdom; and their laws are diverse from all people; neither keep they the king's laws: therefore it is not for the king's profit to suffer them.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר said H559
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 27
to say (used with great latitude)
הָמָן֙ And Haman H2001
הָמָן֙ And Haman
Strong's: H2001
Word #: 2 of 27
haman, a persian vizier
וְלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ therefore it is not for the king's H4428
וְלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ therefore it is not for the king's
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 3 of 27
a king
אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ Ahasuerus H325
אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ Ahasuerus
Strong's: H325
Word #: 4 of 27
achashverosh (i.e., ahasuerus or artaxerxes, but in this case xerxes), the title (rather than name) of a persian king
יֶשְׁנ֣וֹ There is H3426
יֶשְׁנ֣וֹ There is
Strong's: H3426
Word #: 5 of 27
there is or are (or any other form of the verb to be, as may suit the connection)
עָ֗ם among the people H5971
עָ֗ם among the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 6 of 27
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אֶחָ֗ד a certain H259
אֶחָ֗ד a certain
Strong's: H259
Word #: 7 of 27
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
מְפֻזָּ֤ר scattered abroad H6340
מְפֻזָּ֤ר scattered abroad
Strong's: H6340
Word #: 8 of 27
to scatter, whether in enmity or bounty
וּמְפֹרָד֙ and dispersed H6504
וּמְפֹרָד֙ and dispersed
Strong's: H6504
Word #: 9 of 27
to break through, i.e., spread or separate (oneself)
בֵּ֣ין H996
בֵּ֣ין
Strong's: H996
Word #: 10 of 27
between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or
עָ֗ם among the people H5971
עָ֗ם among the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 11 of 27
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
בְּכֹ֖ל H3605
בְּכֹ֖ל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 12 of 27
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
מְדִינ֣וֹת in all the provinces H4082
מְדִינ֣וֹת in all the provinces
Strong's: H4082
Word #: 13 of 27
properly, a judgeship, i.e., jurisdiction; by implication, a district (as ruled by a judge); generally, a region
מַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ of thy kingdom H4438
מַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ of thy kingdom
Strong's: H4438
Word #: 14 of 27
a rule; concretely, a dominion
דָּתֵ֤י and their laws H1881
דָּתֵ֤י and their laws
Strong's: H1881
Word #: 15 of 27
a royal edict or statute
שֹׁנ֣וֹת are diverse H8138
שֹׁנ֣וֹת are diverse
Strong's: H8138
Word #: 16 of 27
to fold, i.e., duplicate (literally or figuratively); by implication, to transmute (transitive or intransitive)
מִכָּל H3605
מִכָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 17 of 27
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
עָ֗ם among the people H5971
עָ֗ם among the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 18 of 27
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 19 of 27
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
דָּתֵ֤י and their laws H1881
דָּתֵ֤י and their laws
Strong's: H1881
Word #: 20 of 27
a royal edict or statute
וְלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ therefore it is not for the king's H4428
וְלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ therefore it is not for the king's
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 21 of 27
a king
אֵינָ֣ם H369
אֵינָ֣ם
Strong's: H369
Word #: 22 of 27
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
עֹשִׂ֔ים neither keep H6213
עֹשִׂ֔ים neither keep
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 23 of 27
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
וְלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ therefore it is not for the king's H4428
וְלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ therefore it is not for the king's
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 24 of 27
a king
אֵין H369
אֵין
Strong's: H369
Word #: 25 of 27
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
שׁוֶֹ֖ה profit H7737
שׁוֶֹ֖ה profit
Strong's: H7737
Word #: 26 of 27
properly, to level, i.e., equalize; figuratively, to resemble; by implication, to adjust (i.e., counterbalance, be suitable, compose, place, yield, et
לְהַנִּיחָֽם׃ to suffer H3240
לְהַנִּיחָֽם׃ to suffer
Strong's: H3240
Word #: 27 of 27
to deposit; by implication, to allow to stay

Analysis & Commentary

Haman's accusation: 'And Haman said unto the king, There is a certain people scattered abroad and dispersed among the people in all the provinces of thy kingdom; and their laws are diverse from all people; neither keep they the king's laws: therefore it is not for the king's profit to suffer them'. Haman's genocidal proposal disguises antisemitism as state security concern. He identifies Jews without naming them ('a certain people'), emphasizes their dispersal (implying infiltration), claims legal non-compliance, and argues economic benefit to killing them. This malicious distortion exemplifies how hatred rationalizes atrocity through false security concerns. Yet God's providence will turn Haman's plot into instrument of Jewish deliverance and Haman's own destruction.

Historical Context

Ancient empires often scapegoated minority populations during crises. Haman's argument—Jews are different, don't obey laws, harm royal interests—mirrors antisemitic tropes throughout history. The claim that eliminating Jews would profit the king (Haman offered 10,000 talents silver, v. 9) added financial incentive. Archaeological evidence shows ancient Near Eastern kingdoms sometimes authorized persecution of ethnic/religious minorities viewed as threats. Haman's manipulation of Ahasuerus demonstrates how demagogues use fear and greed to incite state-sponsored violence. God's providence would expose this plot and reverse it completely.

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