Esther 3:6

Authorized King James Version

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And he thought scorn to lay hands on Mordecai alone; for they had shewed him the people of Mordecai: wherefore Haman sought to destroy all the Jews that were throughout the whole kingdom of Ahasuerus, even the people of Mordecai.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּ֣בֶז scorn H959
וַיִּ֣בֶז scorn
Strong's: H959
Word #: 1 of 24
to disesteem
בְּעֵינָ֗יו And he thought H5869
בְּעֵינָ֗יו And he thought
Strong's: H5869
Word #: 2 of 24
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
לִשְׁלֹ֤ח to lay H7971
לִשְׁלֹ֤ח to lay
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 3 of 24
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
יָד֙ hands H3027
יָד֙ hands
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 4 of 24
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
מָרְדֳּכָֽי׃ of Mordecai H4782
מָרְדֳּכָֽי׃ of Mordecai
Strong's: H4782
Word #: 5 of 24
mordecai, an israelite
לְבַדּ֔וֹ H905
לְבַדּ֔וֹ
Strong's: H905
Word #: 6 of 24
properly, separation; by implication, a part of the body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief of a city; especially (with preposit
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 7 of 24
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
הִגִּ֥ידוּ alone for they had shewed H5046
הִגִּ֥ידוּ alone for they had shewed
Strong's: H5046
Word #: 8 of 24
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to
ל֖וֹ H0
ל֖וֹ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 9 of 24
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 10 of 24
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
עַ֥ם even the people H5971
עַ֥ם even the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 11 of 24
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
מָרְדֳּכָֽי׃ of Mordecai H4782
מָרְדֳּכָֽי׃ of Mordecai
Strong's: H4782
Word #: 12 of 24
mordecai, an israelite
וַיְבַקֵּ֣שׁ sought H1245
וַיְבַקֵּ֣שׁ sought
Strong's: H1245
Word #: 13 of 24
to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
הָמָ֗ן wherefore Haman H2001
הָמָ֗ן wherefore Haman
Strong's: H2001
Word #: 14 of 24
haman, a persian vizier
לְהַשְׁמִ֧יד to destroy H8045
לְהַשְׁמִ֧יד to destroy
Strong's: H8045
Word #: 15 of 24
to desolate
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 16 of 24
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 17 of 24
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הַיְּהוּדִ֛ים all the Jews H3064
הַיְּהוּדִ֛ים all the Jews
Strong's: H3064
Word #: 18 of 24
a jehudite (i.e., judaite or jew), or descendant of jehudah (i.e., judah)
אֲשֶׁ֛ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֛ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 19 of 24
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
בְּכָל H3605
בְּכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 20 of 24
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
מַלְכ֥וּת that were throughout the whole kingdom H4438
מַלְכ֥וּת that were throughout the whole kingdom
Strong's: H4438
Word #: 21 of 24
a rule; concretely, a dominion
אֲחַשְׁוֵר֖וֹשׁ of Ahasuerus H325
אֲחַשְׁוֵר֖וֹשׁ of Ahasuerus
Strong's: H325
Word #: 22 of 24
achashverosh (i.e., ahasuerus or artaxerxes, but in this case xerxes), the title (rather than name) of a persian king
עַ֥ם even the people H5971
עַ֥ם even the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 23 of 24
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
מָרְדֳּכָֽי׃ of Mordecai H4782
מָרְדֳּכָֽי׃ of Mordecai
Strong's: H4782
Word #: 24 of 24
mordecai, an israelite

Analysis & Commentary

And he thought scorn to lay hands on Mordecai alone; for they had shewed him the people of Mordecai: wherefore Haman sought to destroy all the Jews that were throughout the whole kingdom of Ahasuerus, even the people of Mordecai. Haman's rage escalated from personal vendetta to genocide. Killing Mordecai alone seemed insufficient—"he thought scorn" (vayiven be-einav, וַיִּבֶן בְּעֵינָיו, literally "it was contemptible in his eyes") to target only one man. Learning Mordecai's Jewish identity, Haman "sought to destroy all the Jews" throughout the empire. This genocidal impulse reveals satanic hatred far beyond personal offense. The ancient enmity between Amalek and Israel resurfaces—Haman represents not just personal pride but spiritual warfare against God's covenant people. His plot to "destroy" (hashmid, הַשְׁמִיד) all Jews attempted to prevent the Messiah's coming by eliminating the chosen lineage. God's providence will transform this existential threat into ultimate deliverance.

Historical Context

The escalation from personal revenge to ethnic genocide demonstrates ancient honor culture's extreme dynamics but also reveals deeper spiritual warfare. Amalekite-Israelite enmity was ancient and bitter (Exodus 17; 1 Samuel 15). Haman's identification of "the people of Mordecai" as Jews created opportunity for racial/religious persecution masquerading as security concerns (v. 8). Historical precedent shows ancient empires sometimes authorized pogroms against ethnic/religious minorities viewed as threats. The Persian administrative apparatus that could implement empire-wide decrees (used positively in Cyrus's decree allowing Jewish return, Ezra 1) could equally enable empire-wide persecution. Satan's repeated attempts to destroy the messianic line (Exodus 1; Matthew 2; Revelation 12) find expression here through Haman's plot.

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