Esther 2:21

Authorized King James Version

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In those days, while Mordecai sat in the king's gate, two of the king's chamberlains, Bigthan and Teresh, of those which kept the door, were wroth, and sought to lay hand on the king Ahasuerus.

Original Language Analysis

בַּיָּמִ֣ים In those days H3117
בַּיָּמִ֣ים In those days
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 1 of 19
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
הָהֵ֔ם H1992
הָהֵ֔ם
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 2 of 19
they (only used when emphatic)
וּמָרְדֳּכַ֖י while Mordecai H4782
וּמָרְדֳּכַ֖י while Mordecai
Strong's: H4782
Word #: 3 of 19
mordecai, an israelite
יֹשֵׁ֣ב sat H3427
יֹשֵׁ֣ב sat
Strong's: H3427
Word #: 4 of 19
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
בְּשַֽׁעַר gate H8179
בְּשַֽׁעַר gate
Strong's: H8179
Word #: 5 of 19
an opening, i.e., door or gate
בַּמֶּ֖לֶךְ in the king's H4428
בַּמֶּ֖לֶךְ in the king's
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 6 of 19
a king
קָצַף֩ were wroth H7107
קָצַף֩ were wroth
Strong's: H7107
Word #: 7 of 19
to crack off, i.e., (figuratively) burst out in rage
בִּגְתָ֨ן Bigthan H904
בִּגְתָ֨ן Bigthan
Strong's: H904
Word #: 8 of 19
bigthan or bigthana, a eunuch of xerxes
וָתֶ֜רֶשׁ and Teresh H8657
וָתֶ֜רֶשׁ and Teresh
Strong's: H8657
Word #: 9 of 19
teresh, a eunuch of xerxes
שְׁנֵֽי two H8147
שְׁנֵֽי two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 10 of 19
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
סָרִיסֵ֤י chamberlains H5631
סָרִיסֵ֤י chamberlains
Strong's: H5631
Word #: 11 of 19
a eunuch; by implication, valet (especially of the female apartments), and thus, a minister of state
בַּמֶּ֖לֶךְ in the king's H4428
בַּמֶּ֖לֶךְ in the king's
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 12 of 19
a king
מִשֹּֽׁמְרֵ֣י of those which kept H8104
מִשֹּֽׁמְרֵ֣י of those which kept
Strong's: H8104
Word #: 13 of 19
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
הַסַּ֔ף the door H5592
הַסַּ֔ף the door
Strong's: H5592
Word #: 14 of 19
a vestibule (as a limit); also a dish (for holding blood or wine)
וַיְבַקְשׁוּ֙ and sought H1245
וַיְבַקְשׁוּ֙ and sought
Strong's: H1245
Word #: 15 of 19
to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
לִשְׁלֹ֣חַ to lay H7971
לִשְׁלֹ֣חַ to lay
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 16 of 19
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
יָ֔ד hand H3027
יָ֔ד hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 17 of 19
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
בַּמֶּ֖לֶךְ in the king's H4428
בַּמֶּ֖לֶךְ in the king's
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 18 of 19
a king
אֲחַשְׁוֵֽרֹשׁ׃ Ahasuerus H325
אֲחַשְׁוֵֽרֹשׁ׃ Ahasuerus
Strong's: H325
Word #: 19 of 19
achashverosh (i.e., ahasuerus or artaxerxes, but in this case xerxes), the title (rather than name) of a persian king

Analysis & Commentary

In those days, while Mordecai sat in the king's gate, two of the king's chamberlains, Bigthan and Teresh, of those which kept the door, were wroth, and sought to lay hand on the king Ahasuerus. The phrase "in those days" connects this event to the timeline of Esther's elevation, suggesting it occurred soon after her coronation. Two royal chamberlains, "Bigthan and Teresh," planned to assassinate Ahasuerus. The cause of their wrath (qatsaph, קָצַף) isn't specified—perhaps perceived slight, political disagreement, or other grievance. That they "kept the door" (shomrei hasaph, שֹׁמְרֵי הַסַּף) indicates trusted positions guarding the king's private chambers, giving them access necessary for assassination. Mordecai's providential discovery of this plot and his loyalty in reporting it (v. 22) established crucial precedent for later events. This seemingly minor incident becomes pivotal in chapter 6.

Historical Context

Court eunuchs sometimes plotted against kings throughout ancient Near Eastern history. Their positions combined unusual access with potential grievances (castration, dependent status, blocked advancement). Herodotus and other ancient historians describe Persian court intrigues, including assassination plots. The "door keepers" held crucial security positions, making their conspiracy particularly dangerous. Mordecai's position in the king's gate apparently gave him access to overhear or learn of the plot—perhaps through palace gossip, direct observation, or informants. That he reported it rather than ignoring it or using it for personal advantage demonstrated loyalty to the Persian government despite being a Jew in exile. This loyalty would later contrast with Haman's treachery.

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