Esther 1:11

Authorized King James Version

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To bring Vashti the queen before the king with the crown royal, to shew the people and the princes her beauty: for she was fair to look on.

Original Language Analysis

לְ֠הָבִיא To bring H935
לְ֠הָבִיא To bring
Strong's: H935
Word #: 1 of 17
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 17
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
וַשְׁתִּ֧י Vashti H2060
וַשְׁתִּ֧י Vashti
Strong's: H2060
Word #: 3 of 17
vashti, the queen of xerxes
הַמַּלְכָּ֛ה the queen H4436
הַמַּלְכָּ֛ה the queen
Strong's: H4436
Word #: 4 of 17
a queen
לִפְנֵ֥י before H6440
לִפְנֵ֥י before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 5 of 17
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ the king H4428
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 6 of 17
a king
בְּכֶ֣תֶר with the crown H3804
בְּכֶ֣תֶר with the crown
Strong's: H3804
Word #: 7 of 17
properly, a circlet, i.e., a diadem
מַלְכ֑וּת royal H4438
מַלְכ֑וּת royal
Strong's: H4438
Word #: 8 of 17
a rule; concretely, a dominion
לְהַרְא֨וֹת to shew H7200
לְהַרְא֨וֹת to shew
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 9 of 17
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
הָֽעַמִּ֤ים the people H5971
הָֽעַמִּ֤ים the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 10 of 17
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
וְהַשָּׂרִים֙ and the princes H8269
וְהַשָּׂרִים֙ and the princes
Strong's: H8269
Word #: 11 of 17
a head person (of any rank or class)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 12 of 17
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
יָפְיָ֔הּ her beauty H3308
יָפְיָ֔הּ her beauty
Strong's: H3308
Word #: 13 of 17
beauty
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 14 of 17
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
טוֹבַ֥ת for she was fair H2896
טוֹבַ֥ת for she was fair
Strong's: H2896
Word #: 15 of 17
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
מַרְאֶ֖ה to look on H4758
מַרְאֶ֖ה to look on
Strong's: H4758
Word #: 16 of 17
a view (the act of seeing); also an appearance (the thing seen), whether (real) a shape (especially if handsome, comeliness; often plural the looks),
הִֽיא׃ H1931
הִֽיא׃
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 17 of 17
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

Analysis & Commentary

The demand: 'To bring Vashti the queen before the king with the crown royal, to shew the people and the princes her beauty: for she was fair to look on'. Ahasuerus, drunk after seven days of feasting, commands his seven eunuchs to bring Queen Vashti wearing her crown to display her beauty before male guests. The phrase 'with the crown royal' possibly means 'wearing only the crown,' suggesting degrading demand to appear essentially nude before drunken men. Whether literal nudity or simply being paraded as trophy wife, the demand violated Vashti's dignity and Persian propriety. This sets up crisis revealing how God works through even pagan rulers' follies to accomplish His purposes.

Historical Context

Persian court etiquette typically maintained strict separation between male and female spheres. Royal women, particularly the queen, maintained dignity and privacy. Ahasuerus's drunken demand violated these customs, creating scandal. Greek historian Herodotus notes that Persian men didn't permit wives at men's drinking parties, confirming that this demand was culturally inappropriate. Archaeological evidence from Persepolis shows elaborate women's quarters separate from men's areas. The king's demand, motivated by drunken pride wanting to display his beautiful queen as possession, created the crisis that would ultimately position Esther for Mordecai's and the Jews' salvation.

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