Ecclesiastes 11:3

Authorized King James Version

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If the clouds be full of rain, they empty themselves upon the earth: and if the tree fall toward the south, or toward the north, in the place where the tree falleth, there it shall be.

Original Language Analysis

אִם H518
אִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 1 of 18
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
יִמָּלְא֨וּ be full H4390
יִמָּלְא֨וּ be full
Strong's: H4390
Word #: 2 of 18
to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)
הֶעָבִ֥ים If the clouds H5645
הֶעָבִ֥ים If the clouds
Strong's: H5645
Word #: 3 of 18
properly, an envelope, i.e., darkness (or density, 2 chronicles 4:17); specifically, a (scud) cloud; also a copse
גֶּ֙שֶׁם֙ of rain H1653
גֶּ֙שֶׁם֙ of rain
Strong's: H1653
Word #: 4 of 18
a shower
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 5 of 18
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
הָאָ֣רֶץ themselves upon the earth H776
הָאָ֣רֶץ themselves upon the earth
Strong's: H776
Word #: 6 of 18
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
יָרִ֔יקוּ they empty H7324
יָרִ֔יקוּ they empty
Strong's: H7324
Word #: 7 of 18
to pour out (literally or figuratively), i.e., empty
וְאִם H518
וְאִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 8 of 18
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
שֶׁיִּפּ֥וֹל fall H5307
שֶׁיִּפּ֥וֹל fall
Strong's: H5307
Word #: 9 of 18
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
הָעֵ֖ץ and if the tree H6086
הָעֵ֖ץ and if the tree
Strong's: H6086
Word #: 10 of 18
a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks)
בַּדָּר֖וֹם toward the south H1864
בַּדָּר֖וֹם toward the south
Strong's: H1864
Word #: 11 of 18
the south; poet. the south wind
וְאִ֣ם H518
וְאִ֣ם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 12 of 18
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
בַּצָּפ֑וֹן or toward the north H6828
בַּצָּפ֑וֹן or toward the north
Strong's: H6828
Word #: 13 of 18
properly, hidden, i.e., dark; used only of the north as a quarter (gloomy and unknown)
מְק֛וֹם in the place H4725
מְק֛וֹם in the place
Strong's: H4725
Word #: 14 of 18
properly, a standing, i.e., a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)
שֶׁיִּפּ֥וֹל fall H5307
שֶׁיִּפּ֥וֹל fall
Strong's: H5307
Word #: 15 of 18
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
הָעֵ֖ץ and if the tree H6086
הָעֵ֖ץ and if the tree
Strong's: H6086
Word #: 16 of 18
a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks)
שָׁ֥ם H8033
שָׁ֥ם
Strong's: H8033
Word #: 17 of 18
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
יְהֽוּא׃ there it shall be H1933
יְהֽוּא׃ there it shall be
Strong's: H1933
Word #: 18 of 18
to be (in the sense of existence)

Analysis & Commentary

If the clouds be full of rain, they empty themselves upon the earth—the Hebrew im-yimalu he-avim geshem al-ha-aretz yariqu (אִם־יִמָּלְאוּ הֶעָבִים גֶּשֶׁם עַל־הָאָרֶץ יָרִיקוּ) describes natural inevitability. When conditions are right, rain falls—this is simply how nature works. And if the tree fall toward the south, or toward the north, in the place where the tree falleth, there it shall beim-yipol etz ba-darom ve-im ba-tzafon maqom she-yipol ha-etz sham yehu (אִם־יִפֹּל עֵץ בַּדָּרוֹם וְאִם בַּצָּפוֹן מְקוֹם שֶׁיִּפֹּל הָעֵץ שָׁם יְהוּא).

Both images teach that some events, once set in motion, are irreversible and beyond human control. Rain will fall when clouds are full; a fallen tree stays where it lands. These observations could counsel either fatalism ("Nothing matters since events are inevitable") or wisdom ("Accept what you cannot control and act wisely within your sphere"). Verse 4 clarifies: don't let fear of uncontrollable factors paralyze productive action.

Historical Context

Agricultural societies depended on rain and feared storms that felled trees—both were beyond human control. Ancient Israelites prayed for rain (1 Kings 8:35-36) and feared drought (1 Kings 17:1), acknowledging God's sovereignty over weather. The fallen tree image likely refers to storm damage that destroyed orchards or blocked paths—once fallen, the tree remained where it fell, requiring adaptation to new reality. This wisdom teaches distinguishing between controllable and uncontrollable factors. The Serenity Prayer echoes this: "God, grant me serenity to accept what I cannot change, courage to change what I can, and wisdom to know the difference." Stoic philosophy similarly counseled focusing on what lies within our control.

Questions for Reflection