Deuteronomy 32:41

Authorized King James Version

If I whet my glittering sword, and mine hand take hold on judgment; I will render vengeance to mine enemies, and will reward them that hate me.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אִם
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
#2
שַׁנּוֹתִי֙
If I whet
to point (transitive or intransitive); intensively, to pierce; figuratively, to inculcate
#3
בְּרַ֣ק
my glittering
lightning; by analogy, a gleam; concretely, a flashing sword
#4
חַרְבִּ֔י
sword
drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
#5
וְתֹאחֵ֥ז
take hold
to seize (often with the accessory idea of holding in possession)
#6
בְּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט
on judgment
properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind
#7
יָדִ֑י
and mine hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#8
אָשִׁ֤יב
I will render
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#9
נָקָם֙
vengeance
revenge
#10
לְצָרָ֔י
to mine enemies
a pebble (as in h6864)
#11
וְלִמְשַׂנְאַ֖י
them that hate
to hate (personally)
#12
אֲשַׁלֵּֽם׃
and will reward
to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Deuteronomy Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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