Deuteronomy 31:24
And it came to pass, when Moses had made an end of writing the words of this law in a book, until they were finished,
Original Language Analysis
Historical Context
Written circa 1406 BC in Moses's final weeks. The writing materials were likely leather scrolls (parchment from animal skins), the standard medium for important documents in the ancient Near East. The book was entrusted to the Levitical priesthood (31:25-26) for preservation and public reading. This written law survived Israel's tumultuous history—conquest, judges, monarchy, exile—preserved through copying by faithful scribes. The Dead Sea Scrolls (circa 250 BC-AD 70) demonstrate remarkable textual stability over centuries, validating the reliability of Scripture's transmission.
Questions for Reflection
- Why does God provide written revelation rather than relying solely on oral tradition or personal spiritual experience?
- How does Mosaic authorship affect the authority and reliability of the Pentateuch?
- What responsibility do Christians bear to preserve, copy, translate, and disseminate Scripture faithfully?
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Analysis & Commentary
And it came to pass, when Moses had made an end of writing the words of this law in a book, until they were finished—the completion of Moses's written work, the Pentateuch substantially in its canonical form. The Hebrew sefer (סֵפֶר, 'book/scroll') indicates a complete literary work, not fragmentary notes. Until they were finished emphasizes thoroughness—Moses completed the task fully before his death, leaving Israel with finished Scripture, not incomplete drafts requiring later authors.
This verse establishes Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch (the 'law' deposited by the ark included Genesis-Deuteronomy, not merely legal codes). While later editorial updates occurred (e.g., recording Moses's death in Deuteronomy 34), the substantial content came from Moses's hand. Christ affirmed this repeatedly, attributing Pentateuchal passages to Moses (Mark 7:10, Luke 24:27, John 7:19). The completed book ensured Israel possessed comprehensive divine revelation for covenant life, not requiring oral tradition to supplement deficient texts.