Deuteronomy 22:19

Authorized King James Version

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And they shall amerce him in an hundred shekels of silver, and give them unto the father of the damsel, because he hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel: and she shall be his wife; he may not put her away all his days.

Original Language Analysis

וְעָֽנְשׁ֨וּ And they shall amerce H6064
וְעָֽנְשׁ֨וּ And they shall amerce
Strong's: H6064
Word #: 1 of 22
properly, to urge; by implication, to inflict a penalty, specifically, to fine
אֹת֜וֹ H853
אֹת֜וֹ
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 22
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
מֵ֣אָה him in an hundred H3967
מֵ֣אָה him in an hundred
Strong's: H3967
Word #: 3 of 22
a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction
כֶ֗סֶף shekels of silver H3701
כֶ֗סֶף shekels of silver
Strong's: H3701
Word #: 4 of 22
silver (from its pale color); by implication, money
וְנָֽתְנוּ֙ and give H5414
וְנָֽתְנוּ֙ and give
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 5 of 22
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לַֽאֲבִ֣י them unto the father H1
לַֽאֲבִ֣י them unto the father
Strong's: H1
Word #: 6 of 22
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ה of the damsel H5291
הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ה of the damsel
Strong's: H5291
Word #: 7 of 22
a girl (from infancy to adolescence)
כִּ֤י H3588
כִּ֤י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 8 of 22
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
הוֹצִיא֙ because he hath brought up H3318
הוֹצִיא֙ because he hath brought up
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 9 of 22
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
שֵׁ֣ם name H8034
שֵׁ֣ם name
Strong's: H8034
Word #: 10 of 22
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
רָ֔ע an evil H7451
רָ֔ע an evil
Strong's: H7451
Word #: 11 of 22
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
עַ֖ל H5921
עַ֖ל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 12 of 22
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
בְּתוּלַ֣ת upon a virgin H1330
בְּתוּלַ֣ת upon a virgin
Strong's: H1330
Word #: 13 of 22
a virgin (from her privacy); sometimes (by continuation) a bride; also (figuratively) a city or state
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 14 of 22
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
וְלֽוֹ H0
וְלֽוֹ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 15 of 22
תִהְיֶ֣ה H1961
תִהְיֶ֣ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 16 of 22
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
לְאִשָּׁ֔ה and she shall be his wife H802
לְאִשָּׁ֔ה and she shall be his wife
Strong's: H802
Word #: 17 of 22
a woman
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 18 of 22
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יוּכַ֥ל he may H3201
יוּכַ֥ל he may
Strong's: H3201
Word #: 19 of 22
to be able, literally (can, could) or morally (may, might)
לְשַׁלְּחָ֖הּ not put her away H7971
לְשַׁלְּחָ֖הּ not put her away
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 20 of 22
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 21 of 22
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
יָמָֽיו׃ all his days H3117
יָמָֽיו׃ all his days
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 22 of 22
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

Analysis & Commentary

They shall amerce him in an hundred shekels of silver'anash (עָנַשׁ, "amerce") means to fine or levy a monetary penalty. One hundred shekels represented a substantial sum, roughly 2.5 pounds of silver, approximately 2-3 years' wages for a laborer. This heavy fine served as restitution and deterrent. Give them unto the father—the financial penalty goes to the wronged family, compensating for attempted injury and vindicating their honor.

Because he hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel—the offense isn't merely personal but covenantal. Slandering betulat Yisra'el (בְּתוּלַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, "a virgin of Israel") attacks Israel's covenant purity and community integrity. She shall be his wife; he may not put her away all his days—the husband permanently forfeits divorce rights, ensuring the woman's economic security despite his treachery. This protects her from future abandonment by the man who already proved willing to slander her.

Historical Context

The hundred-shekel fine was double the standard bride-price (fifty shekels, Deuteronomy 22:29), punishing the husband's malice while enriching the wronged family. The permanent marriage requirement seems harsh by modern standards but functioned as protection in ancient contexts where divorced women faced destitution. The husband who proved untrustworthy through false accusation lost the privilege of divorce, binding him to provide for his wife regardless of his feelings. This law prioritizes the woman's welfare over the man's convenience, countercultural in male-dominated societies.

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