Deuteronomy 21:8

Authorized King James Version

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Be merciful, O LORD, unto thy people Israel, whom thou hast redeemed, and lay not innocent blood unto thy people of Israel's charge. And the blood shall be forgiven them.

Original Language Analysis

וְנִכַּפֵּ֥ר Be merciful H3722
וְנִכַּפֵּ֥ר Be merciful
Strong's: H3722
Word #: 1 of 16
to cover (specifically with bitumen)
עַמְּךָ֣ unto thy people H5971
עַמְּךָ֣ unto thy people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 2 of 16
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 3 of 16
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 4 of 16
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
פָּדִ֙יתָ֙ whom thou hast redeemed H6299
פָּדִ֙יתָ֙ whom thou hast redeemed
Strong's: H6299
Word #: 5 of 16
to sever, i.e., ransom; generally to release, preserve
יְהוָ֔ה O LORD H3068
יְהוָ֔ה O LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 6 of 16
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וְאַל H408
וְאַל
Strong's: H408
Word #: 7 of 16
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
תִּתֵּן֙ and lay H5414
תִּתֵּן֙ and lay
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 8 of 16
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
הַדָּֽם׃ And the blood H1818
הַדָּֽם׃ And the blood
Strong's: H1818
Word #: 9 of 16
blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe
נָקִ֔י not innocent H5355
נָקִ֔י not innocent
Strong's: H5355
Word #: 10 of 16
innocent
בְּקֶ֖רֶב charge H7130
בְּקֶ֖רֶב charge
Strong's: H7130
Word #: 11 of 16
properly, the nearest part, i.e., the center, whether literal, figurative or adverbial (especially with preposition)
עַמְּךָ֣ unto thy people H5971
עַמְּךָ֣ unto thy people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 12 of 16
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 13 of 16
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
וְנִכַּפֵּ֥ר Be merciful H3722
וְנִכַּפֵּ֥ר Be merciful
Strong's: H3722
Word #: 14 of 16
to cover (specifically with bitumen)
לָהֶ֖ם H1992
לָהֶ֖ם
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 15 of 16
they (only used when emphatic)
הַדָּֽם׃ And the blood H1818
הַדָּֽם׃ And the blood
Strong's: H1818
Word #: 16 of 16
blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe

Analysis & Commentary

Be merciful, O LORD, unto thy people Israel, whom thou hast redeemed, and lay not innocent blood unto thy people of Israel's charge. And the blood shall be forgiven them. The prayer for mercy acknowledges that even in innocence, the community needs divine grace. Murder in their territory, though not their fault, still defiles the land and grieves God.

The appeal whom thou hast redeemed grounds the request in God's covenant relationship. Israel belongs to God by redemption; this relationship forms the basis for requesting His mercy and cleansing. Redemption creates obligation for both parties.

The request lay not innocent blood...to...charge asks that God not hold the community guilty for this unsolved murder. Though they cannot punish the perpetrator, they seek divine absolution from blood guilt that defiles the land.

The promise the blood shall be forgiven them assures that proper ritual and genuine innocence receive divine pardon. God cleanses from blood guilt when His people approach Him rightly.

Historical Context

Blood guilt was serious matter in ancient Israel. Murder defiled the land (Numbers 35:33) and required cleansing either through executing the murderer or through this ritual when the murderer remained unknown.

This prayer parallels the Day of Atonement cleansing, where God forgave corporate sin and purified the land from accumulated defilement.

Questions for Reflection

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