Deuteronomy 20:8

Authorized King James Version

And the officers shall speak further unto the people, and they shall say, What man is there that is fearful and fainthearted? let him go and return unto his house, lest his brethren's heart faint as well as his heart.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְיָֽסְפ֣וּ
further
to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)
#2
הַשֹּֽׁטְרִים֮
And the officers
properly, a scribe, i.e., (by analogy or implication) an official superintendent or magistrate
#3
לְדַבֵּ֣ר
shall speak
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
#4
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#5
הָעָם֒
unto the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#6
וְאָֽמְר֗וּ
and they shall say
to say (used with great latitude)
#7
מִֽי
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
#8
הָאִ֤ישׁ
What man
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#9
הַיָּרֵא֙
is there that is fearful
fearing; morally, reverent
#10
וְרַ֣ךְ
and fainthearted
tender (literally or figuratively); by implication, weak
#11
כִּלְבָבֽוֹ׃
as well as his heart
the heart (as the most interior organ)
#12
יֵלֵ֖ךְ
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#13
וְיָשֹׁ֣ב
and return
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#14
לְבֵית֑וֹ
unto his house
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
#15
וְלֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#16
יִמַּ֛ס
faint
to liquefy; figuratively, to waste (with disease), to faint (with fatigue, fear or grief)
#17
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#18
כִּלְבָבֽוֹ׃
as well as his heart
the heart (as the most interior organ)
#19
אֶחָ֖יו
lest his brethren's
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#20
כִּלְבָבֽוֹ׃
as well as his heart
the heart (as the most interior organ)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Deuteronomy, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of covenant community connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about covenant community, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Deuteronomy.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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