Deuteronomy 18:3

Authorized King James Version

And this shall be the priest's due from the people, from them that offer a sacrifice, whether it be ox or sheep; and they shall give unto the priest the shoulder, and the two cheeks, and the maw.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְזֶ֡ה
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
#2
יִֽהְיֶה֩
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#3
מִשְׁפַּ֨ט
due
properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind
#4
לַכֹּהֵ֔ן
And this shall be the priest's
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
#5
מֵאֵ֣ת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#6
הָעָ֗ם
from the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#7
מֵאֵ֛ת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#8
זֹֽבְחֵ֥י
from them that offer
to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice)
#9
הַזֶּ֖בַח
a sacrifice
properly, a slaughter, i.e., the flesh of an animal; by implication, a sacrifice (the victim or the act)
#10
אִם
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
#11
שׁ֣וֹר
whether it be ox
a bullock (as a traveller)
#12
אִם
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
#13
שֶׂ֑ה
or sheep
a member of a flock, i.e., a sheep or goat
#14
וְנָתַן֙
and they shall give
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#15
לַכֹּהֵ֔ן
And this shall be the priest's
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
#16
הַזְּרֹ֥עַ
the shoulder
the arm (as stretched out), or (of animals) the foreleg; figuratively, force
#17
וְהַלְּחָיַ֖יִם
and the two cheeks
the cheek (from its fleshiness); hence, the jaw-bone
#18
וְהַקֵּבָֽה׃
and the maw
the paunch (as a cavity) or first stomach of ruminants

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing covenant community contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

Study Resources