Deuteronomy 12:22

Authorized King James Version

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Even as the roebuck and the hart is eaten, so thou shalt eat them: the unclean and the clean shall eat of them alike.

Original Language Analysis

אַ֗ךְ H389
אַ֗ךְ
Strong's: H389
Word #: 1 of 13
a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by limitation) only
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֨ר H834
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֨ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 2 of 13
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
יֹֽאכְלֶֽנּוּ׃ is eaten H398
יֹֽאכְלֶֽנּוּ׃ is eaten
Strong's: H398
Word #: 3 of 13
to eat (literally or figuratively)
אֶֽת H853
אֶֽת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 4 of 13
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַצְּבִי֙ Even as the roebuck H6643
הַצְּבִי֙ Even as the roebuck
Strong's: H6643
Word #: 5 of 13
a gazelle (as beautiful)
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 6 of 13
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הָ֣אַיָּ֔ל and the hart H354
הָ֣אַיָּ֔ל and the hart
Strong's: H354
Word #: 7 of 13
a stag or male deer
כֵּ֖ן H3651
כֵּ֖ן
Strong's: H3651
Word #: 8 of 13
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
יֹֽאכְלֶֽנּוּ׃ is eaten H398
יֹֽאכְלֶֽנּוּ׃ is eaten
Strong's: H398
Word #: 9 of 13
to eat (literally or figuratively)
הַטָּמֵא֙ them the unclean H2931
הַטָּמֵא֙ them the unclean
Strong's: H2931
Word #: 10 of 13
foul in a religious sense
וְהַטָּה֔וֹר and the clean H2889
וְהַטָּה֔וֹר and the clean
Strong's: H2889
Word #: 11 of 13
pure (in a physical, chemical, ceremonial or moral sense)
יַחְדָּ֖ו of them alike H3162
יַחְדָּ֖ו of them alike
Strong's: H3162
Word #: 12 of 13
properly, a unit, i.e., (adverb) unitedly
יֹֽאכְלֶֽנּוּ׃ is eaten H398
יֹֽאכְלֶֽנּוּ׃ is eaten
Strong's: H398
Word #: 13 of 13
to eat (literally or figuratively)

Analysis & Commentary

Clarification: 'Even as the roebuck and the hart is eaten, so thou shalt eat them: the unclean and the clean shall eat of them alike.' The comparison to game animals (roebuck/gazelle and hart/deer) clarifies that non-sacrificial meat is like hunting—ritually neutral. Leviticus 11:1-47 lists clean/unclean animals for consumption, but this verse addresses ritual cleanness/uncleanness of persons, not animals. A ritually unclean person (e.g., recently touched corpse, had emission) couldn't eat sacrificial meat (Leviticus 7:20-21) but could eat regular meat. This prevents ritual law from becoming overly burdensome while maintaining sacredness of worship.

Historical Context

Game animals, being wild, weren't brought for sacrifice (only domesticated animals: cattle, sheep, goats). Eating them never involved ritual. This secular category of eating applies to non-sacrificial slaughter of domestic animals when distant from sanctuary. The distinction between ritual purity for worship versus daily life allowed normal activity to continue. Later Pharisaic tradition blurred these lines, creating extensive purity regulations Jesus critiqued (Mark 7:1-23).

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