1 Kings 11:1

Authorized King James Version

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But king Solomon loved many strange women, together with the daughter of Pharaoh, women of the Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Zidonians, and Hittites;

Original Language Analysis

וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ But king H4428
וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ But king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 1 of 14
a king
שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה Solomon H8010
שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה Solomon
Strong's: H8010
Word #: 2 of 14
shelomah, david's successor
אָהַ֞ב loved H157
אָהַ֞ב loved
Strong's: H157
Word #: 3 of 14
to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)
נָשִׁ֧ים women H802
נָשִׁ֧ים women
Strong's: H802
Word #: 4 of 14
a woman
נָכְרִיּ֛וֹת strange H5237
נָכְרִיּ֛וֹת strange
Strong's: H5237
Word #: 5 of 14
strange, in a variety of degrees and applications (foreign, non-relative, adulterous, different, wonderful)
רַבּ֖וֹת many H7227
רַבּ֖וֹת many
Strong's: H7227
Word #: 6 of 14
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 7 of 14
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
בַּת together with the daughter H1323
בַּת together with the daughter
Strong's: H1323
Word #: 8 of 14
a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
פַּרְעֹ֑ה of Pharaoh H6547
פַּרְעֹ֑ה of Pharaoh
Strong's: H6547
Word #: 9 of 14
paroh, a general title of egyptian kings
מֽוֹאֲבִיּ֤וֹת women of the Moabites H4125
מֽוֹאֲבִיּ֤וֹת women of the Moabites
Strong's: H4125
Word #: 10 of 14
a moabite or moabitess, i.e., a descendant from moab
עַמֳּנִיּוֹת֙ Ammonites H5984
עַמֳּנִיּוֹת֙ Ammonites
Strong's: H5984
Word #: 11 of 14
an ammonite or (the adjective) ammonitish
אֲדֹ֣מִיֹּ֔ת Edomites H130
אֲדֹ֣מִיֹּ֔ת Edomites
Strong's: H130
Word #: 12 of 14
an edomite, or descendants from (or inhabitants of) edom
צֵֽדְנִיֹּ֖ת Zidonians H6722
צֵֽדְנִיֹּ֖ת Zidonians
Strong's: H6722
Word #: 13 of 14
a tsidonian or inhabitant of tsidon
חִתִּיֹּֽת׃ and Hittites H2850
חִתִּיֹּֽת׃ and Hittites
Strong's: H2850
Word #: 14 of 14
a chittite, or descendant of cheth

Analysis & Commentary

But king Solomon loved many strange women, together with the daughter of Pharaoh, women of the Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Zidonians, and Hittites;

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of solomon's apostasy and death, within the book's focus on Solomon's wisdom, temple building, and tragic apostasy.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE) represented Israel's golden age of peace and prosperity.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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