1 Corinthians 15:23

Authorized King James Version

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But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ's at his coming.

Original Language Analysis

ἕκαστος every man G1538
ἕκαστος every man
Strong's: G1538
Word #: 1 of 15
each or every
δὲ But G1161
δὲ But
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 15
but, and, etc
ἐν at G1722
ἐν at
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 3 of 15
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
τῇ they that are G3588
τῇ they that are
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 4 of 15
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἰδίῳ his own G2398
ἰδίῳ his own
Strong's: G2398
Word #: 5 of 15
pertaining to self, i.e., one's own; by implication, private or separate
τάγματι· order G5001
τάγματι· order
Strong's: G5001
Word #: 6 of 15
something orderly in arrangement (a troop), i.e., (figuratively) a series or succession
ἀπαρχὴ the firstfruits G536
ἀπαρχὴ the firstfruits
Strong's: G536
Word #: 7 of 15
a beginning of sacrifice, i.e., the (jewish) first-fruit (figuratively)
Χριστοῦ Christ G5547
Χριστοῦ Christ
Strong's: G5547
Word #: 8 of 15
anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus
ἔπειτα afterward G1899
ἔπειτα afterward
Strong's: G1899
Word #: 9 of 15
thereafter
τῇ they that are G3588
τῇ they that are
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 10 of 15
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
Χριστοῦ Christ G5547
Χριστοῦ Christ
Strong's: G5547
Word #: 11 of 15
anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus
ἐν at G1722
ἐν at
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 12 of 15
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
τῇ they that are G3588
τῇ they that are
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 13 of 15
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
παρουσίᾳ coming G3952
παρουσίᾳ coming
Strong's: G3952
Word #: 14 of 15
a being near, i.e., advent (often, return; specially, of christ to punish jerusalem, or finally the wicked); (by implication) physically, aspect
αὐτοῦ his G846
αὐτοῦ his
Strong's: G846
Word #: 15 of 15
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis & Commentary

But every man in his own order (Ἕκαστος δὲ ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ τάγματι)—The word tagma (τάγμα) is military terminology meaning "rank, division, order of battle." Paul envisions resurrection as sequential military campaign, not single event. God's redemptive plan unfolds in ordered stages, not chaos. The phrase every man (hekastos, ἕκαστος) indicates individual resurrection bodies—each person will be raised, not absorbed into cosmic consciousness.

Christ the firstfruits (ἀπαρχὴ Χριστός)—Christ's resurrection (AD 30) is stage one, the aparchē guaranteeing the harvest. Afterward they that are Christ's at his coming (ἔπειτα οἱ τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ αὐτοῦ)—Stage two is the resurrection of believers at Christ's parousia (παρουσία, "coming, presence, arrival"). This is the rapture/resurrection event of 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17. The phrase hoi tou Christou ("those of Christ") indicates possession—believers belong to Christ through faith.

Historical Context

Jewish apocalyptic expected a single resurrection at history's end. Paul introduces a two-stage (or possibly three-stage, if v. 24 implies a final judgment resurrection) program: Christ's resurrection as firstfruits, believers' resurrection at the parousia, then the end. This 'already/not yet' eschatology was revolutionary.

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