Psalms 91:5
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Psalms 91:5
5 Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night; nor for the arrow that flieth by day;
Chapter Context
Psalms 91 is a poetic and liturgical chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of truth, creation, fellowship. Written during various periods (c. 1000-400 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Temple worship utilized these compositions across various periods of Israel's history.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-16: Central message and teachings
This chapter is significant because it provides essential context for understanding God's covenant relationship with His people. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Psalms and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Psalms 91:5
5 Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night; nor for the arrow that flieth by day;
Analysis
Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night (פַּחַד לָיְלָה, pachad lailah)—the sudden, paralyzing dread that strikes in darkness, when enemies attack unexpectedly and fears magnify. This encompasses both literal dangers (night raids, prowling beasts) and spiritual terrors (demonic oppression, anxiety, nightmares).
Nor for the arrow that flieth by day (חֵץ יָעוּף יוֹמָם, chets ya'uf yomam)—the overt, visible threats that come in daylight. The arrow represents deliberate attack, whether military assault, slander, or spiritual warfare. Together, these phrases form a merism: God protects from all dangers, hidden and manifest, at all times. The believer under God's shadow (v.1) walks in supernatural fearlessness—not presumption, but confidence rooted in covenant relationship.
Historical Context
Psalm 91 is a wisdom psalm, likely composed during Israel's monarchy for use in temple worship. The imagery reflects ancient Near Eastern warfare—night ambushes and daytime archery were primary combat methods. Jewish tradition associates this psalm with Moses or the Levites, and it was recited for protection during plague and battle.
Reflection
- What "terrors by night" (anxieties, fears, spiritual attacks) most frequently disturb your peace, and how does dwelling in God's presence (v.1) address them?
- How does distinguishing between godly caution and ungodly fear help you walk in the fearlessness this verse promises?
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: Psalms 46:2, 112:7, 2 Kings 7:6, Proverbs 28:1, Isaiah 21:4, 43:2