Psalms 59:5
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Psalms 59:5
5 Thou therefore, O LORD God of hosts, the God of Israel, awake to visit all the heathen: be not merciful to any wicked transgressors. Selah.
Chapter Context
Psalms 59 is a poetic and liturgical chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of truth, obedience, righteousness. Written during various periods (c. 1000-400 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Temple worship utilized these compositions across various periods of Israel's history.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-17: Central message and teachings
This chapter is significant because it provides essential context for understanding God's covenant relationship with His people. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Psalms and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Psalms 59:5
5 Thou therefore, O LORD God of hosts, the God of Israel, awake to visit all the heathen: be not merciful to any wicked transgressors. Selah.
Analysis
David invokes God's covenant name (YHWH) and titles (God of hosts, God of Israel) to ground his appeal in specific promises. 'Awake to visit all the heathen' broadens from personal deliverance to universal judgment. The request to not 'be merciful to any wicked transgressors' seems harsh but reflects covenant justice—persistent rebels warrant judgment.
Historical Context
Calling on the 'God of hosts' (armies) emphasizes God's sovereign power over earthly forces. The 'heathen' may reference Saul's men acting like pagans despite being Israelites, or anticipate David's later conflicts with surrounding nations.
Reflection
- How do God's covenant names inform specific prayer requests?
- What is the relationship between praying for mercy on some and judgment on others?
Word Studies
- God: אֱלֹהִים (Elohim) H430 - God (plural of majesty)